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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of an outer covering do spirochetes have?
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They have a double membrane with axial flagella in between
they also have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall |
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How do treponema species cause disease?
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by inducing host pathological response via inflammation, etc.
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Which pathogen causes Syphillis?
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Treponema pallidum
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How does treponema pallidum enter the body?
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mucosal surfaces/breach in skin barrier
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What is primary Syphillis?
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painless, ulcerated Chancre
HIGHLY INFECTIOUS resolves within 4 - 6 weeks |
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What is secondary syphillis?
- symptoms - resolvement |
Without treatment of primary syphillis
- MACULAR rash - symmetrical, especially involving palms, soles, mucous membranes like oral cavity - Condyloma latum - painless, wartlike lesion in vulva or scrotum - systemic symptoms because of bacteremia - CNS, eyes, bones, joints, kidneys - Resolves in about 6 weeks |
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Which organisms have macular rash?
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rocky mountain spotted fever
secondary syphillis |
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What is Latent Syphillis?
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- from about 12 weeks - 4 years after infection,
not contagious anymore - except mother to fetus - usually asymptomatic |
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What is Tertiary Syphillis?
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1/3 of people in latent syphillis progress to this
- gummatous - cardiovascular - neurological Takes 6 years to develop |
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What is gummatous syphillis?
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Skin - painless, necrotic, granulomatous lesions
Bone - gnawing pain Treated by antibiotics |
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What is cardiovascular syphillis?
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Inflammation leads to destruction of vasa vasorum - which supply aorta.
Leads to aortic dissection Leads to aortic aneurysm Dissection spreads to coronary arteries NOT reversed by antibiotics |
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What is neurosyphillis?
5 conditions |
- can be asymptomatic, with CSF being positive
- subacute meningitis - meningovascular syphillis - treponema attacks cerebrovasculature causing infarcts - death of brain tissue or spinal cord - tabes dorsalis - dorsal roots or posterior column affected - proprioception, sensation - general paresis - deterioration of brain tissue - psych symptoms |
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What is Subacute meningitis?
How does that show up in LP? Who causes it? |
- When there are high lymphocytes instead of high neutrophils, high protein, low glucose in CSF results
- mycobacterium tb, and treponema pallidum cause it |
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What is the rule of sixes for syphillis?
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6 axial flagella
6 weeks for chancre to develop 6 weeks for chancre to heal 6 weeks after chancre healing for secondary syphilliis to develop 6 weeks for secondary syphillis to resolve 6 years after latency, that tertiary syphillis develops |
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What can congenital syphillis cause?
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- eye problems
- rash and condyloma latum - bone and teeth problems - neurosyphillis - deafness DOES NOT AFFECT FETUS UNTIL 4TH MONTH - SO SHOULD TREAT MOTHER BEFORE THEN!!! |
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How do you detect Treponema pallidum?
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1) NONSPECIFIC - You can detect host lipids - cardiolipin and lecithin - that are released in response to treponema. False-positives!!
2) specific - immunoflourescence, PCR |
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How do you treat treponema pallidum?
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Heat, drying, Soap and Water!!
- Penicillin - Reinfection can occur - dont have immunity to it |
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What is the Jarisch - Herxheimer syndrome?
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- ahh the treatment Herx (hurts) more than the disease
- when antibiotics are given, the symptoms get worse acutely becuase the bacterium releases pyrogenic toxin. |
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What organism causes Lyme disease? and What is its vector?
What is its reservoir? |
Borrelia Bergdorfi
- Ixodes TICK - white footed mouse, white-tailed deer --- RESERVOIR |
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What is the early localized stage of lyme disease?
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Erythema chronicum migrans - bull's eye spot
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What is the early disseminated stage of lyme disease?
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- multiple smaller ECM's
- neurologic: aseptic meningitis, cranial nerve palsies - bell's palsy, peripheral neuropathy Cardio: transient heart block Brief arthritic attacks |
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What is the late stage of lyme disease?
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chronic arthritis
encephalopathy |
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How do you treat lyme disease?
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doxy and penicillin
- have to detect early!! |
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how do you detect lyme disease?
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ELISA, PCR
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What is relapsing fever and which organism causes it?
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borrelia recurrentis
- Lice - mice - relapses of fever ever couple of days |
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why do the relapses occur?
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because of antigenic variation of the borrelia surface proteins
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How do you treat it?
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doxycline or erythromycin
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What are leptospira and how are they transmitted?
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found in urine of animals that gets into bodies of water - so when people go swimming in nature!
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Leptospira Interrogans - what conditions does it cause? - 2 phases
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First phase:
- invades the blood, causes spiking fevers - photophobia, conjunctival redness Second Phase: IgG antibodies |
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What is Weil's disease?
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caused by leptospira interrogans - infectious jaundice, liver, renal, mental status changes.
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