Spine - Movement Science

Front 1

What ligaments of the spine that resist motion in the sagittal plane?

Back 1

Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments, Intraspinous and Supraspinous Ligaments and the Ligamentum Flavum

Front 2

What ligaments of the spine resist motion in the transverse plane?

Back 2

Capsular Ligaments

Front 3

What ligaments of the spine resist motion in the frontal plane?

Back 3

Intertransverse ligaments

Front 4

How are motions named?

Back 4

Based on anterior side of the superior vertebrae

Front 5

Vertebral bodes are responsible for what?

Back 5

majority of weight bearing

Front 6

Interbody joints do what?

Back 6

absorb shock and distribute loads

Front 7

Apophyseal joints do what?

Back 7

guide intervertebral motion

Front 8

Spinous and transverse processess act as?

Back 8

levers for muscles and attachments

Front 9

how many degrees of freedom do the interbody joints have and what are they?

Back 9

6 degrees

right and left
compression
distraction
gliding
rotation

Front 10

Thicker intervertebral disks allow what?

Back 10

more motion

Front 11

horizontal facets allow?

Back 11

axial rotation

Front 12

vertical facets?

Back 12

block axial rotation

Front 13

how many degrees of freedom does the atlanto occipital joint have?

Back 13

2 = flexion/extension and a little lateral flexion

Front 14

head flex foward what is the arthrokinematics occuring at the AO joint?

Back 14

anterior roll and a posterior slide

Front 15

What combination of joints make up the Atlantoaxial joint?

Back 15

median pivot joint and two lateral biconvex joints

Front 16

How many degrees of freedom does the AA joint have?

Back 16

2 = flexion and extension and axial rotation

Front 17

What occurs during nutation?

Back 17

Sacrum tilts anteriorly
Ilium tilts posteriorly

Front 18

What occurs during counternutation?

Back 18

Sacrum tilts posteriorly
Ilium tilts anteriorly

Front 19

which region of the spine has thinner intervertebral disks?

Back 19

Thoracic region

Front 20

What are the superficial posterior back muscles?

Back 20

1. Trapezius
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Rhomboids
4. Levator Scapulae
5. Serratus Anterior

Front 21

Bilateral contraction of the superficial posterior back muscles when the shoulder girdle is stable would cause?

Back 21

the spine to extend

Front 22

unilateral contractions of the superficial posterior back muscles would cause?

Back 22

contralateral axial rotation and lateral flexion because they are linked and depends on area of spine

Front 23

What are the intermediate back muscles?

Back 23

Serratus posterior (superior/inferior)

Front 24

intermediate back muscles are related to?

Back 24

ventilation

Front 25

What are the deep posterior trunk muscles?

Back 25

erector spinae, transversospinal group, short segmental group

Front 26

bilateral contractions of the deep posterior trunk muscles cause what if the pelvis is stationary?

Back 26

extend spine

Front 27

bilateral contractions of the deep posterior trunk muscles cause what if the spine is stationary?

Back 27

tilt pelvis anteriorly

Front 28

Unilateral contractions of the deep posterior trunk muscles would cause?

Back 28

ipsilateral lateral flexion and ipsilateral axial rotation

Front 29

What group is responsible for ipsilateral lateral flexion?

Back 29

erector spinae

Front 30

to slowly bend forward what muscle would you be contracting?

Back 30

erector spinae

Front 31

a slow bend foward would be what kind of muscle contraction?

Back 31

eccentric

Front 32

when the trunk is very flexed the erector spinae muscles are relaxed how is posture maintained?

Back 32

on the force length curve you lengthen your erector spinae muscles so you decrease active force and get more passive force in order to maintain posture.

Front 33

What are the anterior trunk muscles?

Back 33

rectus abdominis
internal oblique
external oblique
transversus abdominis

Front 34

bilateral contractions of the anterior trunk muscles when the pelvis is stationary causes what?

Back 34

the spine to flex

Front 35

bilateral contractions of the anterior trunk muscles when the spine is stationary causes what?

Back 35

tilt pelvis posteriorly

Front 36

which anterior trunk muscle is the most effective during bilateral contractions?

Back 36

rectus abdominis

Front 37

unilateral contractions of the anterior trunk muscles causes?

Back 37

lateral flexion and axial rotation

Front 38

of the anterior trunk muscles which are the most effective during lateral flexion?

Back 38

internal obliques accompanied by ipsilateral posterior muscles

Front 39

during axial rotation by the anterior trunk muscles what is the diagonal pattern of oblique activation?

Back 39

ipsilateral internal obliques and
contralateral external obliques

Front 40

when you rotate to the left which anterior trunk muscles are activated?

Back 40

ipsilateral internal obliques and the contralateral external obliques

Front 41

Lateral trunk muscles?

Back 41

Iliopsoas and Quadratus Lumborum

Front 42

bilateral contractions of the lateral trunk muscles do what?

Back 42

stabilize trunk in frontal plane

Front 43

Unilateral contractions of the lateral trunk muscles produce?

Back 43

frontal plane motion of lateral flexion of spine

Front 44

which group of muscles have no direct effect on pelvis?

Back 44

lateral trunk muscles

Front 45

which group of posterior muscles are a better lateral flexor?

Back 45

erector spinae

Front 46

which group of anterior muscles are a better lateral flexor?

Back 46

external obliques

Front 47

Which muscle is a better spine flexor?

Back 47

rectus abdominis

Front 48

What are the anterolateral craniocervical muscles?

Back 48

SCM
scalenes
longus colli/capitis
rectus capitis anterior/lateralis

Front 49

bilateral contractions of the anterolateral craniocervical muscles cause?

Back 49

either flex spine or stabilize spine

Front 50

unilateral contractions of the SCM cause?

Back 50

ipsilateral lateral flexor
contralateral axial rotator

Front 51

unilateral contractions of the scalenes cause?

Back 51

raise ribs,
ipsilateral lateral flexor
contralateral axial rotator

Front 52

unilateral contractions of the rectus capitis lateralis cause?

Back 52

ipsilateral lateral flexor

Front 53

posterior craniocervical muscles?

Back 53

splenius cervicis/capitis and suboccipital

Front 54

bilateral contractions of the posterior craniocervical cause what?

Back 54

extend spine

Front 55

unilateral contractions of the posterior craniocervical muscles do what?

Back 55

ipsilateral lateral flexors and ipsilateral axial rotators

Front 56

Unilateral contraction of what group of muscles causes an IPSILATERAL axial rotation?

Back 56

posterior craniocervical muscle group