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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is anterior sacral or posterior sacral ligament stronger?
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Posterior
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What are the 3 primary areas for bone formation of vertebrae?
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1. Vertebral Body 2. Spinous Process 3. Facet joints
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What is the zygoapophyseal joint?
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inbetween the superior and inferior articular facets of vertebrae
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What shape is the most common for the zygoapophyseal joint?
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Flat
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What are the facet orientations in the T, C, L spine?
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L- 90 T- 60 C- 45
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What motion is primarily limited at lumbar spine?
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rotation
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What is the largest avascular structure in the body?
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IVD
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What are the rations between IVD height and vertebral body height in the L, T, C spines?
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L- 1:3 T- 1:5 C- 2:5
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What direction are the annulus fibrosis fibers running in the L spine?
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65 degrees in opposite directions w/ each layer
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What is the function of the vertebral end plate?
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anchors annulus propulsus to vertebral body, overtime becomes bone
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Where does the spinal cord end?
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L1-L2 --> cauda equina
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What muscles act is pole muscles for the thoracolumbar fascia?
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Erector spinae, multifidus
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What muscles act as 'guy wires' for the thoracolumbar fascia?
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Glut max, lats, internal/external obliques, TA
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What is the primary function of the quadratus lumborum?
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Eccentrically control sidebending
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What is the main function of the multifidus muscle?
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Compress vertebral segments to limit shear forces
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Why do spinal cord injuries occur in the T-spine most frequently?
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The spinal canal is narrower
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What vertebrae are considered typical? atypical?
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Typical: T2-T9, Atypical: T1, T10-12
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Why is the thoracic vertebrae limited in extension?
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oblique direction of spinous processes --> bony approximation
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What is the rule of threes to figure out what T vertebrae you are on?
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T1-3: Same level as spinous process T4-6: spinous process 1/2 level below T7-9: Spinous process 1 full level below T10: One full level below T11: one half level below T12: same level
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What ribs are classified as true, false and floating?
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True: 1-7, False: 7-10, Floating: 11-12
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Where is the superior costotransverse ligament?
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Between ribs
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Where is the radiate ligament?
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Attaching ribs and VB
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What are the 2 distinct regions of the C-spine?
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Upper (C1-2) lower (C3-7)
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What is the yes and what is the no joint
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yes- Atlanto-occipital. No- atlantoaxial
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Where is the uncovertebral joint (also what spinal levels)?
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Lateral portion of vertebral bodies of C3-7
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What ligament does the posterior longitudinal ligament become?
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Tectorial membrane
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What spinal levels have the transverse foramen?
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C1-6
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What muscles does the levator scapulae counter (in sagittal and frontal planes)
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Sagittal: scalenes. Frontal: Splenius
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What muscle does the SCM counter?
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Upper trapezius
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What 2 muscles are considered the 'transverse abdominus' of the cervical spine?
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Longus colli and capitus
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What is the orientation of the annular fibrosis in the C-spine?
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vertical
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