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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If you touch a hot stove with your hand, the sensory __________ in your hand send a signal of pain to the CNS through the __________ nerve fibers of the _____________ nervous system. When the information reaches the CNS and is processed, a _____________ response is sent through the ___________ nerve fibers of the PNS system to skeletal muscles that are ___________.
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receptors, afferent, peripheral, motor, efferent, effectors
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Supporting cells of the PNS (2)
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satellite cells, Schwann cells
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Supporting cells of the CNS (4)
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astrocyte, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes
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Forms mylein sheaths (2)
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oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
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Regulate chemical environment of neurons
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astrocytes, Schwann cells
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generates and transmits nerve impulses
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neuron
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lines cavity of brain and spinal cord; form and move CSF
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ependymal cells
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microglia
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phagocytes that destroy debris, dead tissue, and pathogens
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What kind of polar neuron has many processes associated with the cell body?
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Multipolar neuron
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What kind of polar neuron has two cell processes and is a rare sensory neuron in the eye and nose?
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Bipolar neuron
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What kind of polar neuron has one short process which extends from the cell body and divides?
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Unipolar neuron
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Functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons?
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interneuron, motor neuron
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Neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS)?
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interneuron, motor neuron
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Neuron type that is structurally either a unipolar neuron or bipolar neuron whose cell body is found in the PNS?
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sensory neuron
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Functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS.
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interneuron
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white matter
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contains myelinated fibers
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gray matter
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contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
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myelinated fibers
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nerve fibers that are white in color and conduct nerve impulses faster
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unmyelinated fibers
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nerve fibers that are gray in color
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nodes of Ranvier
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gaps in the myelin sheath
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middle meninx; web like
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arachnoid
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tough, outer meninx
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dura mater
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space filled with adipose tissue
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epidural
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thin meninx intimate with spinal cord
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pia mater
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contains cerebrospinal fluid
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subarachnoid
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extension of pia mater attaching to dura
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denticulate ligaments
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Matter which contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated processes.
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Gray matter
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shallow groove on dorsal side of spinal cord
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posterior median sulcus
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connects right and left halves of gray matter in spinal cord
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gray commissure
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sensory branch of spinal nerve entering spinal cord
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posterior dorsal root
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tapered end of spinal cord
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conus medullaris
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motor branch of spinal nerve exiting spinal cord
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ventral root
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contains sensory neuron cell bodies
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dorsal root ganglion
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collection of spinal nerves that arise from inferior end of spinal cord
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cauda equina
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matter which contains myelinated axons
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white matter
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contains somatic motor neuron cell bodies
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anterior gray horn
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space in center of spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid
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cerntral canal
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wide deep groove on ventral side
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anterior median fissure
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extension of pia mater that attches spinal cord to coccyx
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filum terminale
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bulge in spinal cord at T9 - T12
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lumbar enlargement
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What is the connective tissue that covers unmyelinated or myelinated axons in nerves?
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endoneurium
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What is the connective tissue that covers fascicles in nerves?
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perineurium
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What is the connective tissue that covers nerves?
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epineurium
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The nervous system is responsible for........
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all our behaviors, memories, and movements.
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Brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses and sensory receptors
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major structures of the nervous system
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Subdivisions of the PNS
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Somatic, Autonomic, Enteric
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sensory neurons from cutaneous and special sensory receptors to the CNS
motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue |
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system (SNS)
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sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS motor neurons to smooth & cardiac muscle and glands
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Autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems
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sympathetic division (speeds up heart rate)
parasympathetic division (slow down heart rate) |
The divisions of the autonomic nervous system
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Microglia
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Small cells found near blood vessels. Phagocytic role – clean up dead cells derived from cells that also produce monocytes
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Oligodendroctye
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Most common type of glial cell. Form myelin sheaths around more than one axon in CNS. Analogous to Schwann cells of PNS
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Astrocytes
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Star-shaped cells. Form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries. Metabolize neurotransmitters. Regulate K+ balance. Provide structural support
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Ependymal
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Specialized epithelial cell membrane that line cerebral cavities & the central canal
Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Myelination
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Myelin sheath - a multilayered lipid and protein covering that surrounds the axons of many neurons produced by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS)
the sheath electrically insulates the axon and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction (like the coating on an electrical cord) |
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resting potential
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-70mV
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