Spinal Cord, Nerves, And Reflexes Cohort 7

Front 1

paraplegia

Back 1

paralysis to lower limbs

Front 2

quadriplegia

Back 2

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 3

hemiplegia

Back 3

paralysis of one side of the body only

Front 4

functions of the spinal cord

Back 4

conduction
locomotion
reflexes

Front 5

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

where is the extra nerve root?

Back 5

31

C7/T1

Front 6

spinal cord ends where?

Back 6

L2/L3

Front 7

Cauda equina

Back 7

bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5

Front 8

decussation

Back 8

as the fibers pass up or down the brainstem and spinal cord they cross over from left to the right side and vise versa

Front 9

afferent tracts

Back 9

ascending tracts from body to CNS

Front 10

efferent tracts

Back 10

descending tracts from the CNS to the body

Front 11

sensory tracts travel across what 3 order neurons to the brain?

Back 11

first order-origin of stimilus to spinal cord/brainstem (spinothalamic decussation)

second order-medulla oblongata to the to the upper thalamus ( fasciluli decussation)

third order- thalamus to the sensory region of cerebrum (Post central gyrus)

Front 12

the gracilis fasciculus is what to the cuneate fasciculus?

Back 12

medial

Front 13

gracilis fasciculus

Back 13

below T6, it composes the entire posterior column

fibers are ipsilateral side of the gracile nucleus in the medulla oblongata

proprioception and deep touch

Front 14

cuneate fasciculus

Back 14

originates from the level T6 and up

fibers are ipsilateral side of teh cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata

proprioception and deep touch

Front 15

fasciculus first order neuron fibers are what to the ascending fibers in the cerebral hemisphere

Back 15

contralateral

Front 16

Spinalthalamic pathway

Back 16

runs up the anteriolateral side of spinal cord

first order neurons end in posterior horn of spinal cord and decussate to contalateral side into second order neurons

temp., light touch, tickle

Front 17

the second order neuron of the spinalthalamic tract is what to the ascending fibers to cerebral hemisphere?

Back 17

ipsilateral

Front 18

spinocerebellar tract

Back 18

carries our coordination and proprioception of limbs and trunk.

lateral sides of spinal cord

first order neurons originate in the muscles and tendons-end in posterior horn of spinal cord

ipsilateral to cerebellum tract
*ASCT-cross over twice(spinal cord/brain stem)
*PSCT- stay ipsilateral up to brain stem

Front 19

descending tract

Back 19

efferent

upper order neuron- originates in cerebral cortex/brainstem

lower order neuron- spinal cord into rest of body

Front 20

corticospinal tracts

Back 20

cerebral cortex for precise, finely coordinated limb movements

decussate in lower medulla

upper motor neuron-cerebral cortex
lower motor neuton- spinal cord

Front 21

damage to upper and lower neurons of corticospinal tract

Back 21

upper-hypertonicity-spasticity

lower- flacicity (paralysis)

Front 22

Brown Sequard

Back 22

incomplete spinal cord lesion characterized by loss of motor function on ipsilateral side and loss of sensation of on contralateral side.

Front 23

2 point discrimination

Back 23

2 points of contact and determining the 2 points from each other instead of 1 point.

Front 24

amiotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 24

Lou Gehrigs disease

condition caused by lesion to cortispinal tract causing loss of motor signals to the muscle.

Front 25

dermatome map

Back 25

a diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve.

Front 26

dermatomes overlap their edges as much as ?

Back 26

50%

Front 27

muscle spindle

Back 27

stretch receptors embedded in skeletal muscles

inform brain of muscle length and body movement

enable brain to send motor commands back to the muscles that control coordinated muscles that control coordinated movement, corrective reflexes, muscle tone, and posture.

Front 28

stretch reflex

Back 28

myotatic reflex that when a muscle is stretched, it fights back and contracts which maintains increased tonus, making it stiffer than unstretched muscle

Front 29

tendon reflex

Back 29

reflexive contraction of a muscle when its tendon is tapped.

Front 30

patellar tendon reflex arc

Back 30

1. extensor muscle stretched
2. muscle spindle stimulated
3. primary afferent neuron excited
4. primary afferent neuron stimulates alpha motor neuron to extensor muscle
5 alpha motor neuron stimulates extensor muscle to contract
6. primary afferent neuron stimulates inhibitory interneuron
7. interneuron inhibits alpha motor neuron to flexor muscle
8 flexor muscle (antagonist) relaxes

Front 31

the flexor(withdrawal) reflex

Back 31

the quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrawal of a limb from an injurous stimulous

ipsilateral reflex

Front 32

crossed extensor reflex

Back 32

the contraction of extensor muscles in the limb opposite of the one that is withdrawn.

contralateral reflex

Front 33

golgi tendon organ

Back 33

a sensory organ of proprioceptors in a tendon near its junction with a muscle

nerve fibers entwined with collagen fibers of the tendon

they inhibit excessive tension on the muscle, and moderate muscle contraction before it tears a tendon or pulls it away from muscle or bone