Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves

Front 1

What does the Dura mater do?

Back 1

Tough, outermost layer. One layer of dense irregular connective tissue that stabilizes spinal cord.

Front 2

What does the Subdural Space do?

Back 2

Is between dura and arachnoid

Front 3

What is the Epidural space do?

Back 3

is between dura and vertebra, houses adipose, areolar connective tissue, blood vessels

Front 4

What does the needle pass thru when doing a lumbar puncture?

Back 4

Needle passes thru skin,back muscles,ligamentum flavum, epidural space, dura matter, arachnoid mater into subarachnoid space.

Front 5

Where does the adult spinal cord end at?

Back 5

Ends at L1-L2

Front 6

What is gray matter?

Back 6

Made of neuron's cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons: also glial cells.

Masses of gray matter project from center of spinal cord

Front 7

What is anterior horns?

Back 7

House cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

Front 8

What is Lateral horns?

Back 8

House cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Front 9

What is Posterior horns?

Back 9

House axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons

Front 10

What is Gray Commissure?

Back 10

Horizontal band of gray matter surrounding CENTRAL CANAL. Contains unmyelinated axons connecting left and right gray matter

Front 11

Nuclei

Back 11

Groups of cell bodies

Front 12

What are sensory nuclei?

Back 12

in posterior horn contain interneurons

Front 13

Where do Somatic sensory nuclei get there signals?

Back 13

the get them from skin and muscle joints.

Front 14

Motor nuclei

Back 14

in anterior and lateral horns contain motor neurons

Front 15

Somatic motor nuclei

Back 15

(anterior) innervate skeletal muscle

Front 16

Autonomic motor nuclei

Back 16

(lateral) innervate smooth muscle, heart, glands

Front 17

Posterior Funiculus

Back 17

Sits between posterior gray horns and posterior median sulcus. Contains sensory tracts(axon bundles called fasciculi)

Front 18

Lateral Funiculus

Back 18

Sits on lateral sides of spinal cord. Contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts

Front 19

Anterior Funiculus

Back 19

Sits between anterior gray horns and anterior median fissure, Left and right anterior funiculi are interconnected by white commissure. Contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts

Front 20

Sensory Pathways

Back 20

ascend towards brain

Front 21

Motor pathways

Back 21

Descend from brain

Front 22

Anterolateral pathway

Back 22

Signals related to crude touch, pressure, pain, and temperature with a three-neuron chain.

Front 23

Spinocerebellar pathway

Back 23

Signals about proprioception with a two-neuron chain

Front 24

Motor ( descending) pathways

Back 24

Control effectors such as skeletal muscles

Front 25

Direct (pyramidal) pathway

Back 25

Begins with upper motor neurons in primary motor cortex.

Front 26

Corticobulbar tracts

Back 26

Originate from facial region of primary motor cortex

Front 27

Corticospinal tracts

Back 27

Descend from primary motor cortex through brainstem into spinal cord

Front 28

Lateral Corticospinal tracts

Back 28

Upper motor neuron axons decussate with in medulla's pyramids

Front 29

Anterior corticospinal tracts

Back 29

Upper motor neuron axons form white tracts in anterior funiculi

Front 30

Indirect pathways

Back 30

Upper motor neurons originate in brain stem nuclei and take complicared route to spinal cord

Front 31

Lateral pathway

Back 31

Regulates precise movement and tome in flexor limb muscles, Consists of rubrospinal tracts originating in midbrain

Front 32

Medial Pathway

Back 32

Regulates muscle tone and movements of head, neck, proximal limb, trunk.

Consists of reticulospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal tracts