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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the longitudinal grooves on anterior and posterior sides called? |
-anterior median fissure -posterior median sulcus |
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Spinal cord divided into? |
-cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral region |
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What two areas of the cord are thicker than elsewhere? |
-cervical enlargement= nervers to upper limb -lumbar enlargement= nerves to pelvic region and lower limbs |
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medullary cone |
also known as conus medullaris, cord tapers to a point inferior to lumbar enlargement. -it is the end of the SC |
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cauda equina (horse tail) |
-while the SC ends at the medullary cone the cauda equina continues down into the sacrum. -bundles of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 |
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terminal filum |
extension of pia matter from medullary cone which anchors spinal cord to inferior to coccyx |
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meninges |
-dura mater -arachnoid mater -pia mater |
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dura mater |
-loose fitting sleeve around SC ( dural sheaths) -tough, collagenous membrane surrounded by epidural space, filled with fat blood vessels and loose connective tissue. |
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where is the anesthesia given during birth? |
dura mater |
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arachnoid mater |
-arachnoid membrane- layer of simple squamus epithelium lining dura mater and a loose mesh of collagenous and elastic fibers spanning the gap between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. -subarachnoid space-sap between arachnoid membrane and the pia mater |
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what is the subarachnoid space filled with? |
-filled with CSF -lumbar cistern |
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What is the lumbar cistern? |
subarachnoid space inferior to medullary cone the contains cauda equine and CSF |
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pia mater is? |
delicate, translucent membrane that follows the contour of the spinal cord |
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what are the three parts of the pia mater? |
-terminal filum -coccygeal ligament -denticulate ligaments |
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SC is? |
-cylinder of nervous tissue -1.8cm thick -45 cm long -takes up 2/3 of vetrtebral column |
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why does the SC only take up 2/3 of the vertebral column? |
because bones continue to grow when the SC stops. |
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what is the official end of SC? |
L2- L3 lumbar |
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how many spinal nerves are their? |
31 |
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where is the center for you reflex archs? |
SC |
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Where do all impulses travel through? |
SC. except those of the cranial nerves |
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What can you find in the central canal? |
CSF, |
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what forms a spinal nerve? |
a posterior root and a anterior root |
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anterior roots are efferent of affernt? |
are 100% effarent meaning motor. Motor is in front of car and SC |
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posterior roots are efferent of afferent? |
100% afferent or sensory |
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spinal nerves are mixed efferent and afferent (t/f). |
true |
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What is the IVF and what comes together there? |
inter-vertebral foramen and the spinal nerves come together here. |
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the meninges end where? |
L2 L3 L4 depending on person |
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How is the SC anchored? |
-superiorly by the brain -inferiorly by extension of pia mater called the filum terminale -laterally by extensions of pia mater called denticulate ligaments |
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where is the gray mater in the brain and SC? |
-brain is in cortex -SC is medula |
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what is the % cross over |
80% at the abdula oblongata 20% immediately when info enters of exits SC |
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the SC has neurons running? |
asending and desending |
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ascending tracts |
-ascending tracts carry signals op the spinal cord - |
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dermatome |
area of skin that the sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerves innervate. also responsible for referred brain |
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reflex arcs |
-automatic -subconscious - precedes sensation -responses to stimuli |
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what are the 5 components for the reflex arcs? |
1- receptor 2- sensory neuron 3- interneuron 4- impulse 5- effector |
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stretch reflex |
knee test |
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withdrawal reflex |
hot stove reflex- |
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crossed-extensor reflex |
you step on a tac and you lift you foot, and you automatically balance on other foot. |
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referred pain |
the brains interpretation of disfunction of a organ to somatic body. |
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why do we have reflexs? |
safety. so the muscle does not brake. |
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plexus nerves |
different nerves that come together for common function |
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cervical plexus |
-motor/ function -anterior roots from C1 to C5 -neck -shoulder -diaphragm |
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brachial plexus- the spider web of nerves in the arm pit. |
C5 to T1 -pectoral girdle -upper limbs muscles -anterior and posterior both motor and sensory |
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lumbosacral plexus |
-T 12- S 5 -sciatic nerve -Pudundal nerve |
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what does the cervical plexus do? |
innervates all the muscle of the neck, and diaphragm. |
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what is the phrenic nerve? |
-part of the cervical plexus -roots C3 to C5- (3,4,5 keep the body alive) -innervates the diaphragm -keeps body alive |
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what is singulitis? |
hiccups, random and regular action potentials that travel down the phrenic nerve to make the diaphragm to contract at different intervals. |
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How do you stop the hiccups? |
put pressure on the phrenic nerve, and hold for 30 sec. |
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why the redundancy or the brachial plexus and the cervical plexus (phrenic nerve)? |
so if you severs you spinal cord between c3 and c4 you have lost the brachial plexus but you still have the phrenic nerve to innervate the diaphragm. |
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what are the three nerves of the brachial plexus? |
musculocutaneaous ulnar radial |
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ulnar nerve/ funny bone |
-anterior anti brachium -5 and 4th finger -anterior portion of 3ed digit |
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radial nerve |
-posterior anti brachium or extensors -most superficial |
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musculocutaneous nerve |
biceps |
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What is Saturday Night Palsy? |
wrist drop syndrome. pressure on radial nerve for hours. It will go away in days to months. |
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pudendal nerve |
-S2 S3 S4 keeps the penis off the floor -innervates reproductive organs. |
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sciatic nerve |
-travels under the peiformis muscle. -when contracted turns toes inward. |
