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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS
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spinal cord
brain |
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beginning of spinal cord
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foramen magnum
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termination of spinal cord
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between vertebrae L1 and L2
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Location of spinal cord
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suspended in vertebral canal: area formed by the vertebral foramina of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
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2 Fx of spinal cord
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carries sensory information to the brain and motor output to nerves
mediates spinal reflexes |
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Spinal reflexes
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process sensory input from and convey motor output to the spinal nerves
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protection of spinal cord
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bony vertebrae
adipose tissue spinal meninges cerebrospinal fluid |
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function of spinal cord adipose tissue
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cushions the spinal cord
found within the space between the vertebrae and the meninges |
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epidural space
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space between the vertebrae and the meninges
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3 meninges
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cx tissue membranes covering the spinal cord & continuous with the cranial meninges that protect the brain:
Pia Mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater (PAD) |
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Dura Mater
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outer meninx, tough single-layered membrane that is deep to the epidural space and superficial to the spider web-like arachnoid mater
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arachnoid mater
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middle layer of meninges
spider web-like |
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pia mater
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inner meninx
delicate and hugs the spinal cord |
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denticulate ligaments
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lateral extensions of pia mater that fuse with arachnoid mater and secure the spinal cord
(there are "teeth" betw the pia and arachnoid maters) Pia uses denticulate ligaments to bind to arachnoid mater. |
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subarachnoid space
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contains the cerebrospinal fluid
cushions the spinal cord |
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# of spinal nerves
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31 pairs
(each arising from a different segment of the cord) |
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cervical enlargement
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at levels C3 or C4 through T1 (about 6)
a bulge that is the location of nuclei (collection of neuron cell bodies), for the upper extremities |
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lumbar enlargement
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at levels T9 - T12 (about 4)
** in T area, even though called "lumbar" enlargement contains nuclei for the lower extremeties |
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conus medullaris
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between vertebral levels L1 and L2 (termination of spinal cord)
tapered end of spinal cord *Don't be misled by "medullaris" |
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filum terminale
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an extension of pia mater continuing past the conus medullaris
filum - filament termin - terminal connects the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx "the terminale filum" |
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anterior median fissure
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a deep, wide groove on the anterior surface of the spinal cord
"fissure - fat - front" |
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posterior median sulcus
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narrow groove on the posterior surface
"sulcus - slight - sat" |
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gray matter
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looks like a butterfly/modified H
centrally located divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior gray horns consists of nerve cell bodies and dendrites |
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anterior (ventral) gray horn
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somatic motor neuron cell bodies are located here
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lateral gray horns
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*not present in cervical cord segments
contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons |
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posterior (dorsal) gray horns
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contain neuron cell bodies that receive impulses from sensory neurons
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gray commissure
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narrow bridge of gray matter that connects the right and left sides of gray matter in the middle of the spinal cord
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central canal
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in the center of the gray commissure and contains cerebrospinal fluid
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white matter
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surrounds the gray matter and forms the anterior, lateral, and posterior white columns
These columns or funiculi are made up of white, myelinated fibers (axons) that are either sensory or motor fibers |
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Spinal nerve
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formed from a posterior (dorsal) root and an anterior (ventral) root
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Root
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collections of axons that are going to and leaving the spinal cord
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posterior root
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(dorsal) - carries sensory fibers
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anterior root
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(ventral) - carries motor fibers
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mixed nerves
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because the sensory and motor roots merge to form the spinal nerve, these nerves are called mixed nerves
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posterior (dorsal) root ganglion
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a bulge in the posterior (dorsal) root
consists of somatic sensory neuron cell bodies that synapse onto interneuron and/or motor neuron cell bodies (reflex arc) in the spinal gray matter |
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cauda equina
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nerves arising from the inferior portion of the spinal cord continuing inferiorly as a group
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