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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Co-C1 anlanto occipital
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may allow up to 15 degrees of flexion (nutation) and 15 degrees of extension (counter-nutation- total of 30 degrees for nodding
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C1-C2 antlanto axial joint allows for?
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rotation/flexion/extension/laterla bending
approx 55-58% of rotation occurs here -axis of rotation starts at the dens then shifts posteriorly to mid canal- aligns with axis of medulla oblongata |
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Lower Cervicle c3-c7
allows for all ranges of motion |
40% of total rotation is evenly distributed
coupled motion(rotate/lateral bend) -greatest flxn and extnsn between C3 & C6 C5/C6 has greatest range of flxn and extns--> the greatest stress/mechanical strain |
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Compressive load of the head is transferred through?
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the Co-C1 joints (occipital condyles) to the articular facets of C2, then through the bodies & articular pillars of the lower C/S vertebrae.
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From C3 to C7 the 2/3s of the load is carried by the?
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anterocentral column (vertebral bodies 7 discs), & 1/3 is carried by the two posterolateral columns (facet joints).
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Compressive loads are greatest at the?
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end range of flxn and extnsn i.e. whiplash injury
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rotation during flxn and extnsn also increase loads on?
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C/S
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THORACIC SPINE
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allow for all motion
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Flxn and extnsn are limited from?
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T1-T6
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Flxn and extnsn is greatest from?
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T9-T12
-due to rib cage and orientation of facets |
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lateral bending and rotation(coupled) are freest inthe?
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upper T/S
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in the lower coupled motion....
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MAY be in the opposite direction- varies among individuals
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axis of rotation is?
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at mid vertebral body
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T/S withstands greater compressive forces than C/S because?
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amount of body weight bearing supported
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due to kyphosis....
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line of gravity falls anterior to the T/S , creating flxn movement
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greatest stress is ....
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at the peak of the kyphosis
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LUMBAR SPINE
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allows for all range of motion
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favors flxn and extnsn especially between?
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L4-S1
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rotation and lateral bending are greatest at ?
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L2/L3
linited to a few degrees per segment |
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Coupled motions-
Laterla bending= ? |
flxn and slight ipsilateral rotation
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Coupled motion- rotation = ?
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contralateral lateral bending and slight flxn
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axis of rotation is at?
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mid SP
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little or no lateral bending or rotation are possible at?
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L5/S1
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Lumbar pelvic rhythm is coordinated activity resulting in?
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forward flxn and recovery
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involves flxn of?
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L/S and anterior tilt of the pelvis at the hips (reverse for returning to upright)
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withstands the compressive loasds of the upper body in?
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static and dynamic situations
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increased compressive loads due to?
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muscle contraction and carrying weight
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80% of the load is born by?
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vertebral bodies and IVDs
and 20% by the facets |
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L/S compressive loads can increase 50% just from?
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walking
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L/S is subject to?
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anterior shear forces
-due to lordotic curve, body weight and ground reaction forces |
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the anterior shear force is resisted by the?
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facet joints & deep erector spinae muscles
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Sacroiliac joints
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motion is slight and linked to motion at the pubic symphysis (closed kinematic chain)
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in childhood smooth joint surfaces allow?
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gliding in all ranges
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joint surfaces change after puberty and only allow?
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slight translation and/or rotation
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Sacral nutation - sacral promontory moves?
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anterior and inferior while coccyx moves posterior
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sacral counter-nutation- sacral promontory moves?
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posterior and superior while coccyx moves anterior
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SI joints support large portion of?
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body weight- stability is extremely important
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compressive loads of body weight cause a?
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nutation torque on the sacrum
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concomitantlym ground reaction forces cause ?
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posterior tilt forces on the ilia
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forces are resisted by intricate system of ligaments and muscle attachments which are?
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iliolumbar, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, anterior sacroiliac, interosseous ligaments
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pubis symphysis primarliy resists?
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shear forces during gait
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____ of the pubic symphysis creates pelvic instability during gait as well as increase stress on the hip joints and vert column
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dislocation
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