Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
(T/F) Services by Audiologists and SLPs are described in ASHA scope documents
|
True
|
|
|
Caregiver infant joint interactions that are important to language development include which two things?
|
Joint action and Reference
|
|
|
(T/F) "Make" has 2 vowels
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) "Jumping" has free and bound morphemes
|
True
|
|
|
What does the articulatory system do?
|
Shapes airstream to speech sounds and acts as a resonator
|
|
|
The vocal pitch of men is lower because the Vocal folds are ____ and vibrate ______.
|
Lower, Slower.
|
|
|
(T/F) Expiration phase of respiration is longer for speech than quiet breathing
|
True
|
|
|
What letter would be different if you had no upper central incisors?
|
/S/
|
|
|
What are the 3 systems associated with speech?
|
Articulatory, Phonatory, Respiration
|
|
|
What are the places and manners for /b, t, s/?
|
B-labial, stop-plosive
T-dental/alveolar, stop-plosive S-alveolar, fricative |
|
|
(T/F) Communication problems can occur in all age/race/gender/economic status
|
True
|
|
|
What are the 3 components of language?
|
Form, Content and Use
|
|
|
What is morphology?
|
Rules that govern internal organization of words
|
|
|
_____ is the aspect of language form.
|
Syntax
|
|
|
2 types of primary evidence needed to support testing of purpose of identification include:
|
Sensitivity and specificity
|
|
|
What validity is not evidence based?
|
Content validity
|
|
|
What kind of treatment program is there a large budget for the implementation of it?
|
Early Identification Treatment Program
|
|
|
What do you focus on when choosing a test to determine who receives treatment?
|
Focus on high Sensitivity testing
|
|
|
What testing do you focus on for effective treatment in early stages of disease company testing and sever side effects?
|
High Specificity
|
|
|
Sensitivity is the rate at which disordered cases are correctly identified as _______?
|
Disordered
|
|
|
Odds ratios express the likelihood that an individual is _____ or ______.
|
Normal, Impaired
|
|
|
What is test efficacy?
|
Maintaining patient confidentiality
|
|
|
EBP refers to an application of what?
|
An application of research to clinician decision making, clinical expertise to clinical decision making, clinical experience to clinical decision making
|
|
|
What kind of data is "meat or not"?
|
Nominal data
|
|
|
What is an example of EBD?
|
Use of research literature
|
|
|
Are anecdotes, cost minimization, expert opinion and press cutting examples of EBD?
|
No
|
|
|
What should you do if you can't find any direct evidence to support to reuse an effective treatment you are using?
|
Look for indirect evidence
|
|
|
(T/F) A test that is valid can be used for any purpose.
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) It is possible to identify therapy goals from performance on test items.
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) A test is biased if norms contain children with disabilities.
|
False
|
|
|
Standard Error of Measure (SEM) can be used to demonstrate when true change in ________ has occured.
|
Test scores
|
|
|
What is evidence Specificity?
|
The likelihood that you will identify someone as normal when they are normal (want to be high-above 80%)
|
|
|
What is evidence Sensitivity?
|
The likelihood that you will identify someone as impaired when they are impaired (want to be high-above 80%)
|
|
|
When do the most desirable SEMs occur?
|
When standard deviation of normative sample is small and reliability is high.
|
|
|
What does Test-retest reliability express?
|
How similar a child's score will be if tested on 2 occasions with the same test.
|
|
|
Statistically significant score differences for normal and clinical groups is evidence that...?
|
Test can be used to identify clinical groups.
|
|
|
(T/F) Age scores should never be used.
|
True
|
|
|
(T/F) Percentile scores indicate percent of items child passed.
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) Z scores have a mean of 0 and a SD of +/- 1
|
T
|
|
|
(T/F) It is important to have clear directions for administering a criterion referenced test but not for a norm referenced test.
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) Membership to NSSLHA is restricted to graduate students
|
False
|
|
|
When does the basement effect occur?
|
When normal kids answer so few test items that disordered kids can't score lower than normal
|
|
|
What kind of evidence is strong concurrent validity?
|
Test can be used along w/other tests to make diagnostic decision.
|
|
|
(T/F) A test can be biased or unbiased.
|
True
|
|
|
What is the comfortable standard for determining if reliability is adequate for speech-language testing?
|
.9
|
|
|
Several important factors you, as a clinician, need to consider after determined test is valid for purpose is NOT-
|
Face validity
|
|
|
Based on normal distribution a child whose score was 62 would fall _____ standard deviations _______ the mean.
|
____, below
|
|
|
(T/F) Development of communication begins at birth.
|
True
|
|
|
VF vibration at rates above 8000 Hz produce sounds with a _____ pitch.
|
High
|
|
|
Femara
|
Letrozole
Antineoplastic Agent, Aromatase Inhibitor For use in postmenopausal women in the adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, extended adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer after 5 years of tamoxifen, advanced breast cancer with disease progression following antiestrogen therapy, hormone receptor positive or hormone receptor unknown, locally-advanced, or metastatic breast cancer |
|
|
Articulation refers to:
|
Motor movements involved in the production of speech.
|
|
|
What is Phonology?
|
Rules of constraints and use of speech sound system
|
|
|
What is Stimulability?
|
How readily the client can produce the correct version of the error sounds.
|
|
|
During Speech assessment, Emily sometimes says "puck" instead of "duck" and "fum" instead of "thumb". SLP labeled these errors as what kind of error?
|
Substitution errors
|
|
|
When naming her colors, Emily said "gwee" "nwo" and "bwa" instead of green, brown and black. What types of errors are these?
|
Substitution and Omission
|
|
|
Speech intelligibility refers to what?
|
The ease at which listeners understand the speaker's speech
|
|
|
(T/F) Normative data on speech development reflect lists of ages at which consonants are expected to be produced correctly.
|
True
|
|
|
A SLP will screen the speech of all 1st graders in his 2 assigned schools. Based on previous research, he may expect to find more fluency disorders in ____ than _____.
|
Boys than Girls
|
|
|
Maria is a 15 yr old student who exhibits moderate stuttering. She has had speech therapy in elementary and middle school. Still her stuttering increases when she:
|
Speaks on the phone
|
|
|
Many children exhibit stuttering behaviors during preschool years. A number of these children become fluent speakers w/out treatment. Those that do recover from stuttering w/out treatment will probably do so by the age of:
|
4 years
|
|
|
(T/F) Excessive eye blinking while speaking may be an accessory activity of stuttering
|
True
|
|
|
(T/F) Experts have reached a consensus on the nature and cause of stuttering
|
False
|
|
|
Baby Sam presented with strident breathing and high pitch crying with hoarse vocal quality at birth. Transnasal endoscopic examination revealed a membranous tissue extending from one vocal fold to the other. The diagnosis:
|
Laryngeal Web
|
|
|
(T/F) Voice Disorders occur only in adults.
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) One goal of voice assessment/evaluation is to provide a direction for voice therapy
|
True
|
|
|
Four year old Carrie presented with moderate breathy dysphonia. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple glistening, pinkish whit irregular masses located on the right side of the pharyngeal wall, the right regions of the epiglottis, the right region of the thyroid cartilage and the right region of the vocal fold. The medical diagnosis was probably:
|
Papilloma
|
|
|
Vocal nodules can be identified because they:
|
Occur bilaterally
|
|
|
The results of the videoflouroscopic examination indicated that Amy exhibits velopharyngeal insufficiency during speech production
|
The movements of the palate and pharynx failed to close the space separating the oral and nasal cavities
|
|
|
You read Amy’s case history report very carefully. You find that Amy’s cleft of the palate was located on the left side. It is clear that Amy was born with a:
|
Unilateral cleft palate, but intact lip
|
|
|
(T/F) Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a common feature of cleft palate and other craniofacial disorders
|
True
|
|
|
During a voice evaluation it is important to assess patient physiology, technique, chronic irritants, and:
|
Psychological factors (history)
|
|
|
(T/F) Neurogenic speech disorders are caused by damage to the nervous system.
|
True
|
|
|
(T/F) Development Dysarthria is most commonly associated with children with cleft lip and palate.
|
False
|
|
|
Shaun was born with the inability to coordinate and control motor movement and posture. Specifically, Shaun exhibits involuntary and uncontrolled movements of his arms and legs, hands and feet. His purposeful movements are slow and writhing. He also exhibits distorted facial patterns and drooling. Shaun’s diagnosis is probably:
|
Cerebral Palsy
|
|
|
In addition to Dysarthria, children with neurogenic speech disorders may have feeding problems because:
|
The same affected muscles causing the dysarthria of speech are used for chewing and swallowing.
|
|
|
Casey is four years old. She presents with a phonemic inventory of 5 consonants and 5 vowels, and inconsistent substitution, omission and distortion errors involving these speech sounds. The frequency of her speech sound errors increase as word length increases. She also exhibits monopitch and monoloudness. Her diagnosis is:
|
Apraxia of Speech
|
|
|
Indicate whether the given phonological process is possible for each word below. Circle “yes” or “no”: Ship, Clay, Chair
|
Ship – stopping – yes
Clay – final consonant deletion – no Chair – cluster reduction – no |
|
|
What characteristics are commonly associated with stuttering (as opposed to normal disfluency)?
|
Syllable repetitions
Sound repetitions Sound prolongations Sound blocks Associated non-speech behaviors |
|
|
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
|
Incidence is how many in a given population at a time.
|
|
|
What is prevalence?
|
How many are born with a certain "disease" each year.
|
|
|
Lisa is 3. Her speech is intelligible but her vocab appears to be restricted to only 50 words. She does not combine words to make phrases, yet she manages to establish joint attention with her parents and familiar adults. She uses language and gestures to accomplish functions such as making requests, commenting on people, objects and events and engage in play. Lisa seems to be demonstrating delayed language in the areas of:
|
Semantics and syntax
|
|
|
4 year old Michael exhibits severe communication and language delay. He does not interact well with his family or friends and often avoids eye contact. He isolates himself from his peer in daycare preferring to stack blocks repeatedly. When his teachers ask him questions, he simply repeats the question. Lately his parents have noticed that he has stopped using many of the words he used to use. The slp decides to structure her evaluation to test the hypothesis that Michael may be exhibiting communication and language behaviors characteristic of:
|
PDD or Autism
|
|
|
(T/F) Most children understand more words than they produce; hence their expressive language skills are better than their receptive language skills.
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) First words are usually adjectives that are 1-2 sullables in length and contain speech sounds such as /f, v, s, z/
|
False
|
|
|
(T/F) Failure to acquire words during the second year of life is a sign of language delay
|
True
|
|
|
(T/F) Children with SLI often have difficulty using both regular and irregular verbs
|
True
|
|
|
(T/F) Children who do not effectively use early communicative vocalizations and gestures to establish joint attention and to engage in social interaction often experience language delay later in life
|
True
|
|
|
(T/F) It has been established that the occurrence of autism and PDD are related to childhood immunizations
|
False
|
|
|
James heard the sentence "the player who replaced the team captiain scored the winning point” and concluded that the ‘team captain’ scored the winning point. James is exhibiting difficultly with:
|
Processing relational meanings signaled by grammatical forms
|
|
|
In response to the request “Find the ball that’s not blue” the child selected the blue ball.
|
The child most likely failed to attend to the small grammatical elements
|
|
|
The SLP plans her language assessment for Raymond by learning about the language and processing demands of his curriculum, textbooks and exams. The slp then compares Raymond’s performance in class with the language skills he demonstrates during the speech and language eval to develop statesments about his strengths and weaknesses and to recommend intervention strategies that will support Raymond’s language learning and academic achievement. This approach to assessment is referred to as:
|
The Curriculum-Based Assessment Model
|
|
|
The slp decides to particpate in a science experiment on electricity with Thomas' sixth grade class. The slp hopes to gatehre info about Thomas' langage and communication skills as part of an overall assessment process. This assessment procedure is referred to as:
|
Participant observation
|
|
|
(T/F) Children with autism don't have SLI because an exclusionary diagnosis for SLI is autism
|
True
|
|
|
12 year old Kevin’s conversations contain few specific nouns and many indefinite words and pronouns. He nicknames every friend “Buddy” and uses gestures often when talking. He is doing poorly in school. He is repeated the 5th grade and has yet to pass a single test in language arts, social studies, or science. The speech-language pathologist decides to investigate the hypothesis that Kevin is experiencing a disorder of:
|
Word retrieval
|
|
|
John performs poorly on tasks of word definitions, identifying synonyms, recognizing the multiple meanings of words and correcting grammatical errors. Further investigation into this area may be enlightening in regards to
|
Metalinguistic skill
|
|
|
(T/F) Students encounter difficulty in school when discrepancies exist between their language abilities and the language demands of the curriculum
|
True
|
|
|
4 year old Amy recognizes rhymes such as “bake-cake” and “cat-hat”. This skill demonstrates:
|
Phonological Awareness
|
|
|
Mary can tell you the sound the letter “f” makes. She can also tell you the sounds the letters “b”, “t” and “k” make. Mary has knowledge of…
|
Sound-symbol correspondence
|
|
|
3 ½ year old Julie loves to write. She demonstrates ‘invented spelling’ which means she attempts to write words using:
|
Randomly chosen letters, pictures and symbols
|
|
|
Linda can analyze printed words into sound elements and translate the sounds to their corresponding letters. This skill is reffered to as:
|
Decoding
|
|
|
To spell, children segment words into syllables and speech sounds and generate the corresponding letter. This skill is referred to as:
|
Encoding
|
|
|
(T/F) Children with delayed language development in their preschool years show significantly higher incidence of reading problems than do children without language problems
|
True
|
|
|
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of children with autism?
|
Articulation Errors
(characteristics listed: marked difficulty with social interactions, language disorder, repetitive behaviors) |
|
|
When language impairments occurs in the absence of other handicapping conditions, it is referred to as:
|
Specific Language Impairment
|
|
|
Why is the word “jumping” more difficult for a child to learn than the word “ride”?
|
It has more complex morphology
|
|
|
When playing with young children with the intent of improving language performance, your approach should be to:
|
Follow the child's attention lead
|
|
|
Define a late talker
|
by 16 months has not spoken their 1st word, by 24 months has significantly less words than 50 in their vocabulary and is not producing 2-word phrases
|
|
|
What are the two primary components of reading comprehension according to the simple view of reading?
|
A. word recognition
B. listening comprehension |
|
|
Groups Identification
|
see notes
|
|
|
What do Cochlear Implants do?
|
Send impulse to nerve for the brain to intercept
|
|
|
Does the Cochlear Implant take all parts of the ear out of system?
|
No: Bypasses external and middle ear and sends electrical signal directly to nerve near basilar membrane
|
|
|
How does each CI stimulation become an electrical stimulation?
|
Electrodes in nuclei, talker to electrical impulses=speech processor is microphone and turns it into electric signal
|
|
|
How many channels do we need to perceive speech?
|
5 to 6
|
|
|
How much channels exist?
|
12-22
|
|
|
How many functional channels are there?
|
4-8
|
|
|
Who is a candidate for a CI?
|
Profoundly deaf patients (above 100 db hearing loss)
|
|
|
Can CI eligible patients have any kind of hearing loss?
|
Must be Sensorineural
|
|
|
What does age have to do with getting a CI?
|
Younger is better because they are more flexible.
|
|
|
Neural Pruning occurs before which age?
|
3 1/2 years
|
|
|
Who might be expected to be biased for a CI?
|
A postlingually deaf person might be the best with a CI.
|
|
|
What does post-CI learning entail?
|
Learning speech sounds, environmental sounds
|
|
|
What is the ultimate post-CI learning goal?
|
Open set-meaning they have communication skills from a listener (closed would be more specified set of items)
|
|
|
What is an SLPs goal with CI patients?
|
Auditory habilitation (prevent problems from happening), use info coming in and to learn speech and language skills
|
|
|
What is Neural Pruning?
|
enhancing neural connections
|
|
|
What is Incidental learning?
|
everyday life occurances, picking up language in everyday things (listening to peers)
|
|
|
What is Structured learning?
|
things taught specifically (turn-taking game)
|
|
|
Which types of learning are used in Auditory Habilitation?
|
Both structured and Incidental
|
|
|
What are the three Newborn Hearing Screening?
|
Auditory Brainstem Responses and Otoacoustic Emissions
|
|
|
Why do we do Newborn Hearing Screenings?
|
To detect if a newborn has a hearing loss early, to aid them, possible fm system, see if CI candidate, educate parents, prevent negative consequences
|
|
|
What are Risk factors for hearing loss in infants?
|
Ototoxic drugs, Medical complications given drugs, Stay in the NICU, Hereditary, Viral Infections during pregnancy: Genetic and Environmental
|
|
|
What is conductive hearing loss?
|
A hearing loss that is resulting from a problem in the external or middle ear that prevents sound from reaching inner ear.
|
|
|
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
|
Hearing loss resulting from an inner ear problem
|
|
|
How common are hearing impairments?
|
Hearing aids, infants are usually aided bilaterally
|
|
|
When are FM systems put into place if being used?
|
After 6 months
|
|
|
What do FM systems do?
|
They decrease the distance between and listener, helps pick up speech from original sound source in other environments
|
|
|
What is the most common age for CIs to be implanted?
|
1 year old
|
|
|
What are the 3 syndromic deafnesses?
|
Waardenburg, Stickler and Usher
|
|
|
What type of hearing loss does Waardenburg syndrome have?
|
Sensorineural hearing loss
|
|
|
What type of hearing loss does Stickler Syndrome have?
|
Progressive conductive or mixed hearing loss
|
|
|
What type of hearing loss does Usher Syndrome have?
|
progressive blindness/sensorineural heraing loss
|
|
|
What speech learning difficulties does Mild hearing loss entail?
|
Difficulties include hard time with auditory attention (minor)
|
|
|
What are speech learning difficulties in Moderate Hearing Loss?
|
social effects, related to significant speech and language delays, more disordered speech production, difficulties in hearing ends of words, morphology, syntax, limited vocabulary, needs structured therapy
|
|
|
What are speech learning difficulties in Severe Hearing loss?
|
all speech and language is below threshold, miss a huge amount of the signal, significant impairments in speech and language, need special services
|
|
|
What are the infections that cause a hearing impairment?
|
"STORCH" Syphillis, Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, Otitis media, Bacterial Meningitis
|
|
|
How is Medically Fragile Child defined?
|
A child is in an unstable medical condition, must depend on technology for vitals
|
|
|
How is Medically Complicated Child defined?
|
Has special healthcare needs, increased risk of chronic health issues, not as life threatening as medically fragile
|
|
|
What is a Low Birth Weight Infant?
|
Less than 3 lbs, all of their systems have not totally developed to sustain life and grow, often medically fragile when born
|
|
|
What are the SLPs primary roles in the NICU?
|
Help parents cope, facilitate bonding, teaching communication strategies, how to communicate and interact with their infant, eye gaze, holding, sharing joint attention, singing, talking, want to stimulate them despite their condition
|
|
|
What is the Coup-Contracoup for TBIs?
|
A closed head injury-brain is encased in fixed bony skull, in fluid, can have much more widespread damage and can cause a lot of massive damage by moving within bony skull
|
|
|
What consequences are associated with with TBIs?
|
Memory problems, motor impairments, Impulsivity, Can become dysarthric, Language problems(retrieval, aphasia, pragmatic impairments (impulsivity), Cognitive and Behavioral problems
|
|
|
How well can we predict what is affected from a TBI?
|
not very well
|
|
|
What are causes of TBIs?
|
Car accident, falls, shaken baby, any kids subject to abuse, pedestrians, bicyclists, syndromes
|
|
|
What is a syndrome?
|
A pattern of recognizable features, things that are common to it, presentation
|
|
|
What is an Autosomal Dominant gene (in association with syndromes)?
|
one parent has it, other does not in order for the child to be able to get it
|
|
|
What is an Autosomal Recessive Gene?
|
both parents must have it for the child to have it
|
|
|
What is Batten Disease?
|
Buildup of proteins and fats in tissues of body, cannot "recycle" them, progresses to vegetative state-fatal
|
|
|
How is Batten Disease diagnosed?
|
Electroretinogram-looking at the eye, MRI, EEG
|
|
|
Can Batten Disease be treated?
|
There is no treatment, neurodegenerative
|
|
|
Tom Case of Batten Disease
|
onset: 7 years, original diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa, decrease in academic achievement, behavior/personality changes, motor coordination decline
|
|
|
What things did we see in the video of Tom with Batten Disease?
|
breathy, weak voice, not pausing, imprecise articulation, intelligibility poor, responding okay as far as pragmatics but not paying attention to feedback, some disfluencies, knew he couldn't remember words
|
|
|
Special Characteristics of Batten Disease
|
Reduced vocal loudness, monotone, reduced intonation and stress, low pitch, imprecise articulation, irregular articulatory breakdowns, decrease in articulatory contacts in connected speech vs. single words, breathy harsh voice quality, disfluency, variable speech rate, VARIABILITY IN SPEECH PERFORMANCE
|
|
|
What are the 3 primary weaknesses associated with Batten's Disease?
|
Sentence generation, Semantic skills, Generative story narration
|
|
|
What are borderline skills associated with Batten Disease?
|
Word and Metalinguistic definitions, details in verbal expression, word finding, sentence segmentation, language learning task
|
