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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiological changes in sperm that allows it to become competent to fertilize and egg.
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Capacitation
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Glycoprotein matrix, secreted by the oocyte.
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Zona Pellucida
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Change in egg membrane potential.
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Fast Block
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Cortical granule reaction.
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Slow Block
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In response to increases Ca++ cortical granules near egg membrane, fuse with membrane after sperm entry and release contents.
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Cortical Granule Exocytosis
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Thin Thread
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Leptotene
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Chromatin is stretched out thinly, not condensed, can't identify individual chromosomes.
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Leptotene
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Yoked threads
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Zygotene
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Requires formation of synaptonemal complex
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Zygotene
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Ladder-like structure made of protein with central elements and two lateral bars
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Synaptonemal Complex
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Thick thread
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Pachytene
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Crossing-over may occur and continues into diplotene
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Pachytene
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Regions at which crossing over occuring
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Chiasmata
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Crossing-over continues into this stage
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Diplotene
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Double thread
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Diplotene
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Synaptonemal complex breaks down and the two homologous chromosomes start to separate.
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Diplotene
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Moving apart
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Diakinesis
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If the nondisjunction occurs during the first meiotic division (meiosis I), all the gametes derived will be abnormal.
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Nondisjunction-meiosis I
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If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II, only two of the four gametes will be abnormal.
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Nondisjunction-meiosis II
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Maturation of haploid spermatids
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Spermiogenesis
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Production of sperm from primordial germ cells or spermatogonial stem cell.
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Spermatogenesis
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Once in the gonad the primordial germ cells divide to form type A1 spermatogonia or spermatogonial stem cells
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Spermatogonia
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Nourish and protect developing sperm cells.
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Sertoli Cells
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Necessary for spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
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Sertoli Cells
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Develop from interstitial mescenchymal cells and secrete testosterone.
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Leydig Cells
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Asymmetric and Symmetric division occurs
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Spermatogonia
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Prepares the sperm for fertilization, must find and penetrate the egg
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Spermiogenesis
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Round and unflagellated
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Haploid spermatid
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Small proteins made mostly of arginine - begins in round spermatids
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Transcription of protamines
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Each consists of a haploid nucleus and acrosomal vesicle with a propulsion system.
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Sperm
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Resact binds and activates a receptor guanylyl cyclase.
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Resact receptor
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Is linked to capacitation-uncapacitated sperm bind to membranes of oviductal cells before entering the ampulla.
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Translocation
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is translated in the pole plasm, blocks RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, blocks transcription
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Polar Granule Component
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Stays near surface at the periphery of the gonad.
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PGCs
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Will become the theca cells which are the source of androgen-same origin as Leydig cells.
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Mesenchymal Cells
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