Speech Test 2

Front 1

Listening

Back 1

A process that of being mindful, hearing, selecting and organizing information, interpreting communication,responding and remembering.

Front 2

Hearing

Back 2

Physiological activity that occurs when soundwaves hit functioning eardrums.

Front 3

Mindfulness

Back 3

Focusing on what is happening at the moment.Mindful listeners focus on people with whom they are interacting.

Front 4

Physiological Factors

Back 4

inside of us,influence how and how well we listen.

Front 5

Interpretation

Back 5

We put together all that we have selected and organized to make sense of communication.

Front 6

Responding

Back 6

expressing interests,asking questions, voicing your own ideas and communicative attentiveness

Front 7

Remembering

Back 7

final aspect of listening process

Front 8

Message Overload

Back 8

Sheer amount of communication in ourlives that makes it difficult to listen to all of it fully/When receive more messages than we can effectivelly process

Front 9

Message Complexity

Back 9

When a message we are trying to understand is highly complex,packed with detailed information, or involves intricate reasoning

Front 10

Enviromental Distractions

Back 10

Third interference to listening effectively. Distractions like television, cell phones

Front 11

Preoccupation

Back 11

When we are absorbed in our thoughts and concerns and can't focus to what someone else is saying

Front 12

Predgejudgements

Back 12

the tendency to judge others or thir ideas before we have heard them

Front 13

Lack of Effort

Back 13

being mindful, focusing,interpreting, organizing messages,remembering and responding. Controlling distractions inside ourselves and situations.

Front 14

Not Recognizing Diverse Listening Styles

Back 14

When you realize that people differ in how they listen and experess interest,you are likely to misinterprete others. When you don't realize the difference in social groups ,you are not recognizing diverse listening styles

Front 15

Pseudolistening

Back 15

Pretending to listen, when our minds are somewhere else,but we appear attentive

Front 16

Monopolizing

Back 16

hogging the stage by continually focusing communication on ourselves, instead of on the person who is talking.

Front 17

Conversational rerouting

Back 17

Shifting the conversation and topic to talk about himself or herself

Front 18

Interrupting

Back 18

Rude way of when a person interrupts and introduces a new topic.

Front 19

Selective Listening

Back 19

focusing only on particular parts of communication

Front 20

Defensive Listening

Back 20

involves perceiving a personal attack, critism, or hostile undertone in comm... when none is intended.

Front 21

Ambushing

Back 21

listening carefully for the purpose of gathering ammunition to use in attacking a speaker.

Front 22

Literal Listening

Back 22

Listening only to the content level of meaning and ignoring the relationship level of meaning. neglects others feelings and our connections with them.

Front 23

Minimal Encouragers

Back 23

Responses that gently invite another person to elaborate

Front 24

Paraphrasing

Back 24

Reflecting our interpretations of others communication back to them.

Front 25

Communication Climate

Back 25

Emotional tone of a relationship between people

Front 26

Interpersonal confirmation

Back 26

Expressed valuing of another person. When others confirm us, we feel appreciated and respected, when disconfirm us, we feel discounted and devalued.

Front 27

Recognition

Back 27

Expression of awareness of another person's existence. We recognize others by nonverbal, smiles, handshakes, looking up when someone enters the room, and by verbal communication. Hello, good to meet you. Welcome home, etc.

Front 28

Acknowledgement

Back 28

attentiveness to what a person feels, thinks or says.

Front 29

Endorsement

Back 29

Excepting a person's feelings or thoughts as valid.

Front 30

Descriptive communication

Back 30

Does not evalute others or what they think and feel. It describes behaviors without passing judgement. "You seem to be less involved in team meetings lately" versus "your not involved enough in our team" "You've shouted three times today" vs. "Quit flying off the handle"

Front 31

Ethnocentrism

Back 31

Perspective based on the assumption that our culture and it's norms ar the only right ones.

Front 32

Provisionalism

Back 32

Relies on tentative language to signal openness to others points of view "the way I tend to see the issue is...or "One way to look at this is" or "it is possible that"

Front 33

Strategic Communication

Back 33

Aims to manipulate one person by keeping motives or intentions hidden. ex. "Would you do something for me if I told you it really mattered?"

Front 34

Spontaneous Communcation

Back 34

Well thought out, opens honest and not manipulative. "I really need your help with this computer"

Front 35

Controlling communication

Back 35

Dominates others, makes them feel defensive and may respond with resentment or even rebellion. Controllers try to impose their view on others. Winning an argument or having the last word are examples of this.

Front 36

Problem oriented communications

Back 36

focuses on resolving tensions and problems, tends to reduce conflict and foster an open interaction climate.

Front 37

Neutral communication

Back 37

implies indifference to others and what they say

Front 38

Empathy

Back 38

confirms the worth of others and shows concern for their thoughts and feelings.

Front 39

Superiority

Back 39

communication such as "you don't have my experience", I know a lot more about this than you do" Sense of someone thinking they are better than you.

Front 40

Equality

Back 40

respect and equivalent status between people. Promotes an open, ungaurded climate in which interaction flows freely.

Front 41

Conflict

Back 41

exists when people who depend on each other have different views, interests, values, responsiblilities, or objectives and perceive their differences as incompatible.

Front 42

Overt conflict

Back 42

exists when people express differences in a straightforward manner. Differences are out in the open.

Front 43

conflicts of interest

Back 43

goals, interes's or opinions that seem incompatible

Front 44

conflict orientation

Back 44

individuals attitudes towards conflict

Front 45

conflict responses

Back 45

overt behavioral responses to conflict

Front 46

conflict outcomes

Back 46

how conflict is managed and how the process of conflict affects relationships between people

Front 47

lose-lose

Back 47

assumes that conflict results in losses for everyone

Front 48

win-lose

Back 48

assumes that one person wins at the expense of the other

Front 49

win-win

Back 49

assumes that there are usually ways to resolve differences so everyone gains.

Front 50

exit response

Back 50

leaving a relationship, either by walking out or by psychologically withdrawing

Front 51

neglect response

Back 51

when a person denies or minimizes problems

Front 52

loyalty response

Back 52

staying committed to a relationship despite differences.

Front 53

voice

Back 53

active, constructive response to conflict because it focuses on dealing with the problem directly and trying to help the relationship by managing differences

Front 54

bracketing

Back 54

which marks off peripheral issues for later discussion

Front 55

grace

Back 55

important part of spiritual and philosophical thinking about ethical communication. Granting forgiveness,putting aside your needs or helping another save face when no standard says we should or must do so. kindness that is neither earned nor required.

Front 56

culture

Back 56

way of life- system of idea's, values, beliefs, customs, and language that is passed from one generation to another. sustains a particular way of life.

Front 57

individualistic culture

Back 57

regard each person as distinct from other people, groups, and organizations. value personal freedom, individual rights, and independence. Tends to be assertive and often competitive.

Front 58

Collectivist cultures

Back 58

Regard people as deeply connected to one another and to their families, groups and communities. Value intergroup order and harmony, group welfare and independence.

Front 59

Low Context Communication Style

Back 59

very explicit, detailed and precise. Everything must be spelled out carefully and clearly

Front 60

High Context Communicaiton Style

Back 60

indirect and undetailed, conveys meanings more implicitly than explicity. No need to spell everything out.

Front 61

Social communities

Back 61

groups of people who live within a dominate culture yet also belong to another social group or groups.

Front 62

Standpoint Theory

Back 62

Claims that social groups within a culture distinctively shape the perceptions, identities, and opportunities to members. People may learn from a standpoint that reflects the social, symbolic and material circumstances of a particular social group that shape members perspectives on themselves, others, communication, and social life. Race, gender, class, sexual preference are primary ways western culture groups people

Front 63

Environmental racism and environmental justice

Back 63

were coined to name the practice of locating toxic waste dumps and other environmental hazards in communities where people tend to be peer and non-white

Front 64

person centered communiciaton

Back 64

involves recognizing another person's perspective and taking that into account as you communicate.

Front 65

cultural relativism

Back 65

recognizes that cultures vary in how they think and behave as well as in what they believe and value.

Front 66

resistance

Back 66

when we reject the beliefs of particular cultures or social communities. Devaluing

Front 67

assimulation

Back 67

when people give up their ways and adopt the ways of the dominate culture.

Front 68

Tolerance

Back 68

an acceptance of differences whether or not one approves or or even understands them

Front 69

Understanding

Back 69

differences are rooted in cultural teachings and that no customs or traditions or behaviors are intrinsically better than any others.

Front 70

Respect

Back 70

acknowledge genuine differences between groups yet remain anchored in the values and customs or our culture. avoids ethnocentrism

Front 71

Participation

Back 71

we incorporate some practices and values of other groups into our own lives

Front 72

multilingual

Back 72

able to speak and understand more than one language or more that one group's way of using language

Front 73

digital divide

Back 73

term scholars use to refer to the gap between communitites with full access to technologies and communitites with less access or no acess.

Front 74

self

Back 74

ever changing system of perspectives that is formed and sustaind in communication with others and ourselves.

Front 75

self-fufilling prophecies

Back 75

expectations or judgements or ourselves that we bring about through our own actions.

Front 76

particular others

Back 76

specific people who are especially signifcant to us and who shape how we see ourselves

Front 77

reflected appraisal

Back 77

looking glass self. love and affection showed to us- we feel worthy of love, not wanted or loved- feel unworthy of love, unlovable

Front 78

generalized other

Back 78

collection of rules, roles and attitudes endorsed by the overall society and social communities to which we belong. made up of the views of society which we belong

Front 79

Direct definition

Back 79

communication that explicitly tells us who we are by labeling us and our behaviors. "your smart", "your sweet", you're great at soccer" vs. "you're stupid",

Front 80

identity scripts

Back 80

rules for living and identity. things you were taught as a child, rules. formed at an early age ( can be as far back as 5)

Front 81

attachment styles

Back 81

patterns of parenting that teach us how to view ourselves and persnal relationships

Front 82

secure attachment style

Back 82

when a child's primary caregiver responds in a consistently attentive and loving way to a child. the child develops a positive sense of self worth, positive view of others.

Front 83

fearful attachment

Back 83

cultivated when the caregiver communicates in negative, rejecting, or even abusive ways to a child. children treated this way often infer that they are unworthy of love, and others are not loving.

Front 84

dismissive attachment style

Back 84

when caregivers are ininterested in, rejecting of, or abusive towards children. do not accept the caregivers view of them as unlovable, they dismiss others as unworthy. tendancy to view relationships as unnecessary and undesirable

Front 85

anxious/ambibalent attachment style

Back 85

most complex. fostered by inconsistent treatment from the carefiver. sometimes the adult is loving and attentive, other times indifferent or rejecting. tend to be preoccupied with relationships

Front 86

social comparisions

Back 86

our rating of ourselves relative to others with respect to our talents, abilities, qualities and so forth

Front 87

self disclosure

Back 87

the revelation of personal information about ourselves that others are unlikely to learn on their own. when we express private hopes and fears, intimate feelings, personal experiences, perception and goals

Front 88

open area

Back 88

information known to ourselves and others

Front 89

blind area

Back 89

perceptions of us that others have but we don't

Front 90

hidden area

Back 90

information and perceptions that we have about ourselves but choose not to reveal to others.

Front 91

unknown area

Back 91

contains information that neither we nor others know about ourselves

Front 92

uncertainty reduction theory

Back 92

people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty. self disclosure form of this

Front 93

socioeconomic level

Back 93

the income level to which we belong affects everythign from how much money we make to the kinds of jobs, schools, and lifestyle choices we see as possibliities for us.

Front 94

uppers

Back 94

people who communicate positively about us and who reflect positive appraisals of our self worth

Front 95

downers

Back 95

people who communicate negatively about us and our worth. call attention to our flaws, emphasize problems, and put down dreams and goals.

Front 96

vultures

Back 96

extreme downers. attack self concepts. initiate harsh critism. discover weak spots and exploit them

Front 97

self sabotage

Back 97

telling ourselves we are no good. we can't do something.

Front 98

Personal Relationship

Back 98

a voluntary commitment between irreplaceable individuals who are influenced by rules, relationship dialects, and surrounding contexts

Front 99

unique relationships

Back 99

each one is distinctive as a result of commitment, rules, surrounding contexts, and relationships dialectics. mostly social, not personal.

Front 100

social relationship

Back 100

participants interact according to general social rules rather than unique individual identities

Front 101

commitment

Back 101

decision to remain in a relationship, despite hard times.

Front 102

passion

Back 102

intense feeling based on the rewards of involvement with another person, sensation of betterflies in our stomach, giddiness

Front 103

investment

Back 103

what we put into the relationship that we could not retrieve if the relationship were to end. time, energy, thoughts, feelings, interaction

Front 104

Rules

Back 104

Guide how partners communicate and interperte each others communicaiton

Front 105

constitutive rules

Back 105

define how to interprete communicaiotn

Front 106

regulative rules

Back 106

govern interaction by specifying when and with whom to engage in various kinds of communication

Front 107

shalt not rules

Back 107

define what each won't tolerate

Front 108

relationship dialectics

Back 108

opposing and continous tensions that are normal in all close relationships

Front 109

autonomy/connection

Back 109

involves desire to be separated on the one hand and connected on the ohter. opposition of which creates tension

Front 110

novelty/predictability

Back 110

opposition of the desire for familiar routines and the desire for vovelty. something spontanewous to introduce variety into their customary routine

Front 111

openness/closedness

Back 111

desire for openness in tension with the desire for privacy

Front 112

neutralizaiton

Back 112

negotiates a balance between the opposing dialectical forces. involves striking a compromise in which both needs are met to an extent, but neither is fully satisfied.

Front 113

separation

Back 113

addresses one need in a dialect and ignores the other

Front 114

segmentation

Back 114

partners assign each pole to certain spheres, issues activities or times. Friends might be open about many topics but respec each others privacy and refrain from prying in one or two areas.

Front 115

reframing

Back 115

complex strategy that redefines apparently contradictory needs as nto really in opposition

Front 116

role limited interactions

Back 116

meeting people at work, club membership, or teams, or by chance in an airport, store or class. chat rooms, private e=mails

Front 117

friendly relations

Back 117

each person checks the other out ot see whether they have sufficient common ground and interests to develop a good friendship

Front 118

moving toward friendship

Back 118

stepping beyond social roles. scheduling meetings and activities, meeting in person after talking on line

Front 119

nascent friendship

Back 119

increased involvement and caring

Front 120

stablilized friendship

Back 120

assumption of continuity. assuming you will keep seeing each other

Front 121

waning friendship

Back 121

when one or both people cease to be committed to their relationship. drifting apart

Front 122

invitational communication

Back 122

people verbally and non-verbally express interest or interacting. taking intative with others and respoding to invitations made

Front 123

proximity

Back 123

physical nearness.

Front 124

matching hypothesis

Back 124

predicts that people will seek relationships with others who closely match their own values, attitudes, social backgrounds, and physical attractiveness. we are attracted to people who share similar values, attitudes, and lifestyles

Front 125

explorational communication

Back 125

stage where people explore possibilities for a relationship.. questions like "do you like jazz"

Front 126

intensifying communication

Back 126

stage in which relationship gain depth as a result of the increasing amount and intimacy of interaction. Euphoria stage.

Front 127

Revising communication

Back 127

stage where partners come down from the clouds to talk about relationship strength and problems, potentials for the future. when partners consider if they want their relationship to last.

Front 128

intimate bonding

Back 128

stage that occurs when partners decide to stay with a relationship permanently

Front 129

Navigating

Back 129

ongoing process of communicating to sustain intimacy overtime and int he face of changes in partners. the relationship and surroungding contexts.

Front 130

Relationship culture

Back 130

private world of rules, understandings, meanings, and patterns of interacting that partners create for thier relationship

Front 131

intrapsychic processes

Back 131

launch relationship deterioration

Front 132

dyadic processes

Back 132

involve the breakdown of established patterns, understandings, and rules that have been part of the relationship. partners may stop talking after dinner, do not call when running late, etc

Front 133

social support PROCESSES

Back 133

signal an increase in the liklihood of breaking up

Front 134

grave dressing processes

Back 134

when partners decide not to stay in a relationship an dpart ways