Speech Test 2

Front 1

Public Speaking

Back 1

a form of communication in which a speaker addresses a reactively large audience with a relatively continuous discourse, usually in a face-to-face situation.

Front 2

What are some examples of public speaking?

Back 2

a student delivering a report to a political science class a teacher lecturing, a minister preaching

Front 3

Public speaking will develop and refine your general communication abilities by helping you what?

Back 3

- explain complex concepts clearly
- organize a variety of messages for clarity and persuasiveness
- develop logical, emotional, and ethical appeals to support an argument
-communicate credibility
- improve your listening and delivery skills

Front 4

What are 10 suggestions that will help reduce public speaking apprehension?

Back 4

1. gain experience
2. Think positively (visualize success; dismiss thoughts of failure)
3. be realistic in your expectations (view your goal as going a speech that represents the best you can do)
4. see public speaking as conversation
5. focus on your audience (the more your focused on them the less your focused on you)
6. stress similarity (the more you are similar to a group the less stressed you become)
7. project confidence
8. prepare and practice thoroughly
9. move about and bathe deeply
10. avoid chemicals as tension relievers

Front 5

What are the 10 essential steps for preparing an effective public speech?

Back 5

1. select your topic and purpose
2 analyze your audience
3. research your topic
4. formulate your thesis and identify your main points
5. support your main points
6. organize your information
7. word your speech (and title your speech)
8. construct your conclusion and introduction
9. rehearse your speech
10. deliver your speech

Front 6

What should one take into consideration when selecting a topic?

Back 6

- something interesting to the audience.
- something they know little about
- stay away from topics that tend to cause conflict
- avoid criticizing a deeply held belief
- if you are going to address an audience with members from cultures other than your won, find out what the taboo topics are and avoid them

Front 7

What is a good way to find a topic/

Back 7

- look in public speaking textbooks for topic lists
- best-selling nonfiction books printed in most newspaper book reviews or found in well-stocked bookstores
- visit online bookstores and search the lists of their most popular books.

Front 8

What is an excellent way to determine what is worthwhile to your audience?

Back 8

to look at some of the national and regional pols concerning what issues people feel are most significant
- newspapers: you will find the important international, domestic, financial, and social issues all conveniently covered in one place.

Front 9

what are the two major kinds of public speeches?

Back 9

informative and persuasive

Front 10

informative speech

Back 10

creates understanding; it clarifies, enlightens, corrects misunderstandings, demonstrates how something works

Front 11

persuasive speech

Back 11

influences attitudes or behaviors. it may strengthen existing attitudes or change the audience's beliefs

Front 12

specific purpose

Back 12

identifies the information you want to communicate (in an informative speech) or behavior you want to change (in a persuasive speech)

Front 13

four of the most important sociology factors to explore and analyze

Back 13

- cultural factors
- age
- gender
- religion and religiousness

Front 14

what three questions should you focus your psychological analysis of the audience

Back 14

- how willing is your audience?
- how knowledgable is your audience?
- how favorable is your audience?

Front 15

What should you take into consideration if you audience is listening unwilling?

Back 15

- secure their attention as early in your speech as possible
- relate your topic and supporting materials directly to your audience's needs and wants (show them how what you are saying will help them achieve what they want)
- show the audience why they should listen to your speech by connecting your purpose to their purposes, their motives
- involve the audience directly into your speech by showing them that you understand their perspective, asking rhetorical questions, and referring to their experiences and interests
- focus on a few very strong issues or even a single strong issue

Front 16

what are somethings you should do if you have an audience you know nothing about?

Back 16

- focus on listeners as message senders
- Ask "what if" questions
- address audience responses directly

Front 17

what are some general research principles?

Back 17

- examine what you already known
- get an authoritative but general overview of the topic (encyclopedia article, book chapter, or magazine article)
- follow up with more detailed and specialized sources
- distinguish between primary and secondary sources as you research

Front 18

primary source

Back 18

original information about a topic or event. An original research study in an academic journal, a corporation's annual report.

Front 19

Secondary source

Back 19

relate or discuss information originally presented somewhere else

Front 20

thesis

Back 20

the main idea that you want to convey to the audience.

Front 21

thesis and purpose of a speech are similar in that what?

Back 21

they both guide the audience you in selecting and organizing your materials

Front 22

how are some ways thesis and purpose are different?

Back 22

- thesis and purpose differ in their form of expression. the thesis is phrased as a complete, declarative sentence. the purpose if phrased as an infinitive phrase (to inform..., to persuade. . . )
- the thesis focuses on the message; the purpose focuses on the audience. the thesis identifies the central idea of your speech. the purpose identifies the change you hope to bring in your audience

Front 23

time pattern

Back 23

organize your topic on the basis of a time, or temporal, relationship. You generally divide the speech into two, three, or four major parts. you either start with the past and work to present or future or vice versa.

Front 24

spatial pattern

Back 24

organizing the main points of a speech on the basis of space. discussions of most physical objects fit well into spatial patterns. For example, a presentation on the structure of a hospital or school.

Front 25

Topical pattern

Back 25

divides the speech topic into subtopics or component parts.

Front 26

problem-solution pattern

Back 26

divides the main ideas into two main parts: problems and solutions.

Front 27

cause-effect/effect-cause pattern

Back 27

using this pattern you divide the speech into two major sections - causes and effects.

Front 28

motivated sequence

Back 28

a pattern in which you arrange information to motivate your audience to respond positively to your purpose.

Front 29

what are the five steps of motivated sequence?

Back 29

- attention
- need
- satisfaction
- visualization
- action

Front 30

Motivated sequence: Attention

Back 30

make the audience give you their undivided attention. you can gain attention by asking a rhetorical question, referring to specific audience members, or using a dramatic or humorous sort.

Front 31

Motivated sequence: Need
and how can you establish need?

Back 31

the audience should feel that they need to learn or do something
- stating the need or problem
- illustrating the need with specific examples
- pointing to how this need affects your specific listeners

Front 32

Motivated sequence: Satisfaction

Back 32

you present the solution that satisfies the need you demonstrated in step 2

Front 33

Motivated sequences: Visualization
How can you accomplish it?

Back 33

intensifies the audiences feelings or beliefs
- demonstrating the positive benefits to be derived if this advocated proposal were put into operation
- demonstrating the negative consequences that will occur if your plan is not followed

Front 34

Motivated sequences: action
How to accomplish it?

Back 34

you tell the audience what they should do to satisfy the need you have identified
- state exactly what audience members should do
- appeal to your listeners' emotions
give the audience guidelines for future action

Front 35

what are somethings needed for wording your speech

Back 35

- clarity
- vividness
- appropriateness
- personal style
- power
- sentence construction

Front 36

Idiom

Back 36

expressions that are unique to a specific language and whose meaning cannot be deduced from the individual words used.

Front 37

what are some guidelines to help you make your speech clear?

Back 37

- be economical (don't waste words) Ex: i myself personally or at 9 a.m. in the morning
- use specific terms and numbers (don't just say dog, say basset hound)
- use guide phrases (first, second, my next argument)
- use short, familiar terms
- carefully assess idioms

Front 38

how can you make your words more vivid?

Back 38

- use active verbs
- use figures of speech
- use imagery