Speech Science Week 3 August 26

Front 1

a condition of disturbance of particles in a medium

Back 1

sound

Front 2

the medium most often used for human speech production

Back 2

air

Front 3

gas made up of countless molecules of various chemicals collide to produce pressure in random movement called _____________________

Back 3

Brownian motion

Front 4

Pressure changes created by this disturbance are transmitted through a medium and may end up at the listener’s ear, eventually to be perceived as _________.

Back 4

sound

Front 5

force that acts perpendicularly on a surface

Back 5

air pressure

Front 6

Formula for Pressure= __________________

Back 6

force/surface area

Front 7

What are the measurements of air pressure (units)?

Back 7

Dyne per cm2 or microbar (CGS system)
Newtons per m2 (MKS system)
or can be measured in centimeters of H2O (cm H2O)

Front 8

movement of air through a particular area in a certain interval of time (l/sec, l/min, ml/sec)

Back 8

Flow

Front 9

Air that flows smoothly, molecules moving in a parallel manner and at the same speed.

Back 9

laminar flow

Front 10

occurs when there is a obstruction/ obstacle and the flow is disturbed. (ex, water and rocks)

Back 10

turbulent flow

Front 11

speed of a volume of air traveling in a certain direction

Back 11

Volume Velocity

Front 12

the difference in air pressure that cause air to flow from higher to lower pressure

Back 12

driving pressure

Front 13

amount of space occupied in three dimensions

Back 13

volume

Front 14

amount of mass per unit volume

Back 14

density

Front 15

Boyle's Law

Back 15

P α 1/ V at constant air temp.

Front 16

relatively constant pressure that is around us at any particular place or time

Back 16

Ambient pressure (P am)

Front 17

molecules approach and collide, area of positive pressure

Back 17

compression

Front 18

decrease density of air in the area, lower pressure

Back 18

rarefaction

Front 19

Vibration of air molecules does not last indefinitely. Frictional resistance of the air causes decrease in amplitude. This is known as _____________

Back 19

damping

Front 20

refers to the maximum distance away from rest position that the molecule is displaced, which is determined by the amount of energy involved in the movement.

Back 20

amplitude

Front 21

The decrease of amplitude is called ____________, thus indicates a decrease in energy of sound.

Back 21

damping

Front 22

A ______________ is a disturbance that moves through a medium.

Back 22

wave

Front 23

Vibrating molecules travel only ______ distance, they cause disturbance in air pressure– these compressions and rarefactions can propagate ____ distances.

Back 23

tiny; long

Front 24

In the case of sound, the wave motion is ______________; water is ________________

Back 24

longitudinal; transverse

Front 25

The _____________ is the outermost area of the wave that is travelling spherically through the air.

Back 25

wave front

Front 26

The area of the wave front is ______________ proportional to the square of its distance from the source.

Back 26

directly (A α d2)

Front 27

a graph with time along the horizontal axis and amplitude along the vertical axis that is used to represent pressure changes over time.

Back 27

wave form

Front 28

No. of cycles of vibration in one second

Back 28

Frequency; F (Hz)-

Front 29

Time taken by each cycle in a wave

Back 29

period

Front 30

formula for period

Back 30

t= 1/F

Front 31

A wave in which each cycle takes the same amount of time to occur. (musical tone)

Back 31

periodic wave

Front 32

cycles that take different amounts of time to occur (noise)

Back 32

Aperiodic wave

Front 33

Occurs when two or more waves combine with each other

Back 33

interference

Front 34

Interference that increases the amplitude of the resultant wave

Back 34

Constructive interference

Front 35

Interference that decreases the amplitude of the resultant wave

Back 35

Destructive interference-

Front 36

The relative timing of areas of high and low pressure in waves is called ____________

Back 36

phase

Front 37

An object vibrating in SHM produces a sound wave has only one frequency, called a ___________________

Back 37

pure tone

Front 38

When a pure tone is heard as a thin, clear tone, it is known as an _____________________________

Back 38

audiometric pure tone

Front 39

An object vibrating that produces a sound wave with two or more frequencies; periodic or aperiodic

Back 39

complex tones

Front 40

Lowest frequency

Back 40

fundamental frequency (F0)

Front 41

Frequencies above F0 (whole no. of multiples of F0)

Back 41

harmonics

Front 42

If F0 = 100 Hz what will the harmonics be?

Back 42

200 Hz, 300 Hz, and 400 Hz