Speech Science Test 2 Week 10-October 16

Front 1

A method of identifying frequency, amplitude, and duration of sounds.

Back 1

spectography

Front 2

___________________ on y-axis, ______ on x-axis, __________ darkness of the trace

Back 2

frequency; time; intensity

Front 3

______________ appear as wide, dark horizontal stripes reflecting intense acoustic energy at those harmonic frequencies that have been amplified by the vocal tract formants.

Back 3

formants

Front 4

Spectrography is used for _______________ & ______________ purposes.

Back 4

diagnostic & treatment

Front 5

What are some examples of spectrographic analyses of speech?

Back 5

acoustic features of vowels, plosives/stops, fricatives and other classes of speech sounds

Front 6

Commonly used instruments for spectrography are:

Back 6

–Computerized Speech lab (CSL)
–DSP Sona-Graph

Front 7

True or false: spectography instruments use specialized hardware and software that allows speech to be acquired, analyzed and displayed on a computer screen as well as auditorily by speakers.

Back 7

true

Front 8

Vowels are characterized by the first ___________ formants

Back 8

three (F1, F2 and F3)

Front 9

/ai/, /au/ are examples of ____________

Back 9

diphthongs

Front 10

Formant shifting in frequency from beginning to end of the sound are called ______________________

Back 10

formant transitions

Front 11

Diphthongs have _______ separation between F2 and F3

Back 11

wide

Front 12

Diphthongs are characterized by:

Back 12

1) steady state formants at the beginning of sound 2) followed by formant transition 3) then another steady state portion.

Front 13

Why such formant shifting?

Back 13

The acoustic result of changing tongue position is that the vocal tract filtering function changes in midstream, resulting in the formants shifting in frequency from the beginning to the end of the sound.

Front 14

What are some examples of glides/semivowels?

Back 14

/j/, /w/

Front 15

For glides/semivowels, formant transitions are much more ___________ than those of diphthongs.

(spectrographic characteristics of glides/semivowels)

Back 15

rapid

Front 16

For glides/semivowels is there a steady state portion of formant?

Back 16

no

Front 17

For glides/semivowels there is an extremely ________ formant transitions that is about ____ ms

Back 17

short, 75

Front 18

What are examples of liquids?

Back 18

/r/, /l/

Front 19

Liquids have a characteristic lowering of _____

Back 19

F3 (bringing it close to F2)

Front 20

/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ are examples of _____________

Back 20

stops

Front 21

What are some examples of spectrographic characteristics of stops?

Back 21

silent gap,
release burst,
formant transitions, &
voice onset time

Front 22

/θ/, /ð/, /f/, /v/, /T/ are examples of ________________

Back 22

fricatives

Front 23

/m/, /n/, /ŋ/ are examples of _____________

Back 23

nasals

Front 24

One spectographic characteristic of nasals are ____________________ or _____________________, which are due to coupling of oral and nasal cavities.

Back 24

Antiresonances or antiformants

Front 25

Extra nasal formants are known as

Back 25

Nasal formants or nasal murmur

Front 26

bands of frequencies in which the acoustic energy is damped

Back 26

Antiformants

Front 27

As sounds are produced to form words, individual segments influence each other and modify the acoustic characteristics of the resulting sounds. This process is called coarticulation.

Back 27

Coarticulation

Front 28

Coarticulation is an Important feature of connected speech that makes speech transmission extremely _____________________ and __________________________.

Back 28

rapid and efficient

Front 29

upcoming sound can influence the preceding sound. Ex: sue vs see

Back 29

Backward coarticulation

Front 30

preceding sounds can modify ensuing sounds Ex: not vs dot

Back 30

anticipatory coarticulation

Front 31

When you combine segments to form sentence, we continuously change many aspects of pitch, intensity and other factors.

Back 31

suprasegmentals

Front 32

What are some examples of suprasegmentals?

Back 32

Intonation, Stress and Rhythm

Front 33

Refers to way in which speakers vary their F0 throughout a breath group.
Ex: declarative vs. questions.

Back 33

Intonation

Front 34

Variation in F0 is often referred to as the _____________ or ______________________.

Back 34

F0 contour; pitch contour

Front 35

generated by varying the frequency, intensity, and duration of a syllable or word in order to increase or decrease emphasis

Back 35

Stress

Front 36

The greater the level of stress is, the _____________ will be the F0 and intensity of the vowel, the ___________ its duration, and vice versa.

Back 36

higher; longer

Front 37

Occurs when the formant patterns of a vowel become neutralized and shift toward the schwa.

Back 37

Vowel reduction

Front 38

Vowel reduction is seen in speech of individuals with communication disorders due to _______________________
________________________.

Back 38

deafness, neurological problems and others

Front 39

Refers to the length of time of a speech sound.

Back 39

Duration

Front 40

Duration varies with degree of __________ on a syllable or word.

Back 40

stress