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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an adult's typical subglottal pressure?
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5 cm H20
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What percent of vital capacity does a normal adult speaker use during talking?
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30-40%
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What does constructive interference result in?
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An increase in sound pressure and increase in amplitude
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What does destructive interference result in?
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A decrease in sound pressure and decrease in amplitude
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What is a decibel?
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a logarithm on a linear scale. It measures sound intensity
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Objects/resonators that are ______ tuned are heavily dampened.
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broadly
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Objects/resonators that are ______ tuned are lightly dampened.
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narrowly
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How is the resonance of speech modified?
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Resonance refers to structures modifying the sound wave. In speech, the pharyngeal, nasal, and oral cavities are like filters for voice.
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What is a low-pass filter?
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The vocal tract in low-pass filters weakens high frequencies and lets low frequencies pass
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What is a high-pass filter?
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The vocal tract in high-pass filters lets high frequencies pass through and weakens low frequencies
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What is the fundamental frequency?
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It is the lowest and first harmonic on a periodic wave. This frequency is the first tone made by the vocal folds before the air can travel to resonating cavities.
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Air molecules move from areas of ____ pressure to ____ pressure
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high, low
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Why does air rush into the lungs starting to inhale?
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The air pressure inside the lungs is negative. Boyle's law explains that increasing the amount of space, decreases the air pressure
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When producing vowels, what does lip rounding cause the formants to do?
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lowers formants 1 and 2
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As the oral cavity becomes more narrow, what happens to formant 1?
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Formant 1 decreases
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What causes a higher formant 2 frequency to occur?
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the more fronted the tongue is when producing tones
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What are the two mediums that affect how sound is transmitted?
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elasticity and mass
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What is a periodic tone?
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It is a complex tone consisting of 2 more more frequencies. It is a regular, repeating tone.
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What is an aperiodic tone?
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It is a complex tone that cannot be predicted and waves repeat randomly. This can be perceived as noise
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What is the intensity for conversation between typical adults?
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50-70 dB SPL
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What is the McGurk effect?
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It shows that speakers use both auditory and visual information to process incoming speech messages.
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What is assimilation?
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This is where sounds are changed depending on the sounds next to them.
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Name suprasegmentals that can affect prosody of speech?
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rate, length, stress, pitch, volume, and juncture
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What is juncture, in relation to suprasegmentals?
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It is a combination of pausing and intonation which can change the meaning of a sentence.
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What is the time it takes for one cycle of vibration to occur?
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a period
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