Speech Science Exam 1: Week 5 Part 2

Front 1

Range of Voice Onset Times for Voiceless Stops

Back 1

25 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds

Front 2

Factors that influence length of voice onset time

Back 2

Age; Rate of Speech; Phonetic Context

Front 3

How does VOT change with age?

Back 3

as CHILDREN become older variability of VOT decreased. Adults VOT pretty similar, except in certain phonetic contexts older speakers had slightly shorter VOT

Front 4

If we rush through speech than VOT is

Back 4

somewhat shortened

Front 5

Coarticulation

Back 5

sounds influence on another in speech and this can affect VOT

Front 6

For a voiceless stop the VOT is

Back 6

Longer

Front 7

What is the total VOT for a voiceless stop

Back 7

Duration of the burst and frication plus the duration of the aspiration

Front 8

What does distributions of populations have to do with VOT?

Back 8

VOTs are distributed in two seperate groups. Voiced ones are together and the voiceless ones are together and there is NO overlap.

Front 9

Explain Voicing Error and VOT

Back 9

In disordered speech sometimes people produce VOTs that are in some middle ground between voiced and voiceless

Front 10

Voicing has commenced prior to the release of the stop closure

Back 10

Voicing Lead

Front 11

short lag

Back 11

from 0 up to about 20 milliseconds, which we associate with voiced stops

Front 12

long lag

Back 12

associated with voiceless stops

Front 13

How many VOT categories do many of world's languages have (including English & Spanish)?

Back 13

Two

Front 14

How are the VOT values different between English & Spanish

Back 14

English VOT values are somewhat higher

Front 15

Which language, english or spanish, often has prevoicing for voiced stops?

Back 15

Spanish VOTs are shorter and there is often voicing lead for voiced stops

Front 16

The absolute number of milliseconds for the boundary between a voiced and a voiceless stop is going to be different for English and Spanish. However they both have __________

Back 16

non-overlapping distributions so voiced/voiceless distinctions can be clearly made. In other words there are dividing lines, though they are in different places

Front 17

What is a language that has 3 VOT categories?

Back 17

Thai

Front 18

Describe the 3rd Thai bilabial stop

Back 18

It has characteristics of both /p/ and /b/. Has features of voiceless bilabial (force of plosive production) and VOT is closer to voiced plosive.

Front 19

Why is it significant that the human auditory perceptual system is very keen on assigning sounds to categories?

Back 19

We try to make new sounds fit into a category with which we are already familiar

Front 20

Voiced Thai stops tend to have

Back 20

Prevoicing

Front 21

Place of articulation has a _____ impact on VOT

Back 21

Slight

Front 22

Describe place of articulation impact on VOT from front to back

Back 22

front/bilabial VOTs are generally shortest (p/b)

alveolar VOTs are intermediate (t/d)

velar VOTs are longest (k/g)

Front 23

For each place of articulation we have ________ _________ _______categories

Back 23

non-overlapping voiced/voiceless

Front 24

When is there no VOT?

Back 24

At end of a word.

Front 25

What cues help us determine if a stop is voiced or voiceless at the end of a word?

Back 25

-Voicing Bar, low frequency energy present for voiced stops
-Vowel longer before voiced stop
-Longer Stop Gap for voiceless stops
-burst stronger for voiceless stops

Front 26

what part of brain determines if stop is voiced/voiceless

Back 26

auditory cortex

Front 27

What can vowels be identified by?

Back 27

Frequency of their formants which are determined by the size and shape of the resonating cavities.

Front 28

The 1st and 2nd formants change as we_____. This usually takes about _____ ms to occur

Back 28

go into or out of a consonant; 50

Front 29

Listeners subconsiously process _____ ____ of different formants to identify vowels as well as the ______ _______ into and out of consonants

Back 29

relative locations; formant transitions

Front 30

certain places of articulation are associated with certain patterns of ______ ______

Back 30

formant transition

Front 31

For da, F1 _____ and F2 _____

Back 31

rises, falls

Front 32

For ba, F1 ______ and F2 _______

Back 32

rises, rises

Front 33

For ga, F1 _____ and F2 _______ and Formant Transitions are _______

Back 33

rises, falls. Looks like da just more extreme. Formant transitions are LARGER as you move from the consonant to the vowel

Front 34

What influences the first formant

Back 34

Height of jaw or size of mouth opening

Front 35

F1 increases in frequency as the mouth

Back 35

opens wider

Front 36

F2 and F3 are influenced by

Back 36

Place of constriction

Front 37

How do we identify the place of articulation while moving from consonant to vowel

Back 37

Our ears and auditory cortex pick up changes in formants (formant transitions); spectral characteristics burst release following a stop closure; and VOT

Front 38

There are many simultaneous acoustic _____ in speech

Back 38

cues