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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Coarticulation?
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When the phonemes in a word influence one another. Also know as, Coproduction.
Happens all the time in normal, mature speech. |
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Features of Coarticulation
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-neighboring sounds affect production of other sounds
-particular specifications ex: voiced/voiceless, nasel, stops/fricatives, lip-rounding can cause other sounds to do the same -boundaries between phonemes are blurred not rigid walls |
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Forward/Anticipatory Coarticulation
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-an anticipation of an upcoming sound. An earlier sound is influenced by a later sound.
ex: "spoon" lip rounding for the /s/ because of the lip rounding for the oo sound |
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Backward/Retentive Coarticulation
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-influence on a later sound by an earlier sound
ex: "no" the nasel /n/ influences the /o/ sound |
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Explain differences between relaxed and clear speech
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-relaxed speech will be shorter in duration (smaller articulatory movements)
-clear speech is longer in duration (larger/exaggerated articulatory movements) -with clear speech we release stops |
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When does reduced coarticulation occur?
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-children and people with disorders will have reduced coarticulation
ex: Apraxia of Speech-results in difficulty linking syllables together. Speech will not sound as natural in its flow. |
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Impact on loudness in speech
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-When people speak louder their movements are more consistent in their speech. Increasing the loudness is a suprasegmental adjustment used in speech.
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Key Components of Prosody (Intonation)
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-Fundamental Frequency (pitch)
-Intensity (loudness) -Duration *Respiratory system drives these components |
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2 Main Classes of Prosody
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Linguistic Prosody-helps listener to understand the grammar of what is spoken.
ex: It's in the mail vs It's in the mail? Affective Prosody-emotional aspects of the voice |
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How do children learn prosody?
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Child Directed Speech
-put stress on particular words or action you are teaching (linguistic stress) |
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Who is best at recognizing emotional tone?
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Women are better at recognizing emotional tone.
-Dromey's study discovered Female EMT (English mother tongue poly glot) outperformed other groups. Could be b/c they knew prosodic patterns for Eng and other lang. |
