Speech Final Dr. English Baylor

Front 1

“Any process by which one mind affects another mind”

Back 1

COMMUNICATION

Front 2

Who said that Communication was any process by which one mind affects another mind?

Back 2

Weaver

Front 3

Any Sign Process

Back 3

Mind

Front 4

Any stimulating event that directs the attention of the organism to something other than itself

Back 4

Sign

Front 5

A major class of signs that has 6 characteristics

Back 5

Symbol

Front 6

Form of energy that is capable of carrying a signal through time and space
1. Soundwaves
2. Lightwaves

Back 6

Channel

Front 7

Pattern arbitrarily imposed upon the wave motion of energy in a channel

Back 7

Signal

Front 8

Mechanism/thing that which imposes the signal upon the energy flow sound waves in channel

Back 8

Transmitter

Front 9

Device that which reads the signal in the channel and converts into signs which match those transmitted

Back 9

Receiver

Front 10

Thing that selects symbol and symbol sequence to portray desired meaning

Back 10

Encoder

Front 11

Thing that interprets the meaning of the symbols

Back 11

Decoder

Front 12

Sign to Sign Process

Back 12

Syntactic Level

Front 13

Symbol to Symbol Relationship

Back 13

Semantic Level

Front 14

Symbol user to Symbol user
Relationship between the speaker and the audience

Back 14

Pragmatic Level

Front 15

Anything that disrupts process of communication at any of its three levels

Back 15

Noise

Front 16

Speakers analysis of the audience that takes place prior to the Rhetorical Act

Back 16

Feedforward

Front 17

Audiences response to the communication (people say the cannot hear, people look confused)

Back 17

Feedback

Front 18

When the speech alone would take more time to achieve your purpose, always use a visual aid

Back 18

Principle of Efficiency

Front 19

Something that must relate to the material of the speech presented for the audience to see. In order that the speaker can communicate with greater clarity, interest, persuasiveness than we would merely by speech alone

Back 19

Visual Aid

Front 20

Nothing more than the expression of two different types of ideas or expressions:
1. Speakers own past experiences
2. The experience the speaker go through preparing for any presentation

Back 20

Speech

Front 21

When tone and bodily action do not match the content

Back 21

Accidental communication

Front 22

Logical proof- the use of evidence and reason to convince your hearer to accept your claim. Aristotle proof of persuasion

Back 22

Logos

Front 23

Emotional proof- appeals to the dominant values of the audience. Aristotle proof of persuasion.

Back 23

Pathos

Front 24

The faculty of discovering in any given case the available means of persuasion by choosing the means that will best persuade a particular audience at a particular time

Back 24

Rhetoric

Front 25

ethical proof- character of the speaker as perceived by the audience (relying on authority to base their decisions on controversial issues, image proof)
Aristotle proof of persuasion

Back 25

Ethos

Front 26

process of inferring conclusion from primacies
1. Deductive
2. Inductive

Back 26

Reasoning

Front 27

something that generates proof in the mind of the audience (ex: stats, personal experience, facts, etc.). All evidence is equal but some is more equal and has broader level of generating proof in mind of audience

Back 27

Evidence

Front 28

Reasoning from specific to general

Back 28

Inductive reasoning

Front 29

Reasoning from general to specific

Back 29

Deductive reasoning

Front 30

written by Aristotle; the first full systematic treatment of the field of communication

Back 30

"Rhetoric"

Front 31

What are Three (3) Components of Ethos?

Back 31

Competence- how knowledgeable we think the person is on an issue – being prepared; hold in higher esteem people who are competent in subject area of speech (subject based)

Front 32

2) Integrity- truthfulness, sincerity, not misleading; hold in higher esteem those who are honest and in low esteem those who are dishonest

Back 32

3)Goodwill- friendliness, having identification with the audience (established in the introduction)

Front 33

What are Three (3) Sources of Ethos?

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1) What is known about the speaker prior to the presentation (Reputation, press, etc.

Front 34

2) What is learned about the speaker during the speech (character, personality, etc.)

Back 34

3) How closely their proposals coincide with the audience’s beliefs (do we agree or disagree with speaker)

Front 35

Discuss fully and completely the concepts of choice, change, and perception as they relate to ethos

Back 35

Choice: we control our own destiny, we make freewill choices; how prepared, how honest, and what relationships you have- YOUR CHOICE

Front 36

Change: relates to another perception, not the character, of the person

Back 36

Perception: the audience’s perception of your character (you don’t have to have good character – you just have to make the audience think you do); many times we see ourselves differently than others do

Front 37

Why study delivery?

Back 37

-Although content should be the most important part of your speech, delivery often times overrides the importance of the content (makes a difference but it should not)

Front 38

-Enables us to handle accidental communication

Back 38

-Enhances the audience’s understanding

Front 39

-Its impact on the audience’s attitude change (along with the strength of the message)

Back 39

-Increases the speaker’s Ethos

Front 40

Disscuss the effect of delivery on attitude change

Back 40

Quality and strength effect attitude change- not delivery

Front 41

Describe and fully explain the nature of good delivery

Back 41

Naturalistic- don’t be fake or mechanical, nothing forced or out of character (unless it is intentional)

Front 42

Good conversation quality- having eye contact, desire to communicate, wording at the moment of utterance

Back 42

Discuss fully each of the four elements of good delivery

Front 43

1) Direct eye contact- concentrate on your audience, keeps their attention

Back 43

2) Voice
a) Volume- must be loud enough for everyone to easily hear
b) Rate- how fast you deliver the speech- too slow loses attention, too fast overwhelms your audience
c) Pitch- intonation of the voice (vocal variety)
d) Articulation- including all sounds in the word without over or under emphasizing a sound
e) Pronunciation- appropriate way of pronouncing a word
f) Fluency- speech flowing smoothly, uninterrupted by sounds or repetition
g) Pause- absence of sound (very affective), allows audience to mentally catch up, used for emphasis

Front 44

3) Bodily Action
a) Posture- keep your weight on the balls of your feet and stand erect; don’t be military or in complete relaxation
b) Movement- can be good (law of change) can be bad (shows a nervous habit)
c) Gesture- movement of individual parts of the body, get away from the podium
d) Facial expression- the only time you have control of it is at the beginning of your speech, otherwise it should be natural

Back 44

4) Variety
a) Spice of effective communication
b) Variety in volume, rate, and movement
c) Has much to do with preparation
d) Nervousness comes when the speaker focuses on themselves and not on the audience and their content

Front 45

What is the primary element necessary in establishing good delivery?

Back 45

The speakers attitude- it must be an audience-centered attitude, don’t concentrate on yourself, make the delivery conversational

Front 46

Explain fully the premise and the 6 points to William James’ theory of persuasion

Back 46

“That which controls attention determines action.”
1)Show significance of proposal- What is important to your audience?
2)Shock the audience- It gains their attention
3)Make the use of conflict concerning your proposal- People like conflict
4)Arouse the audience’s attention
5)Make your speech easy to follow
6)Use variety- delivery, support material, etc.