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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spatial order |
from top to bottom, front to back, inside to outside |
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casual order |
main points show a cause and effect |
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topical order |
main points devide the topic into into logical subtopics |
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internal preview |
lets the audience know what the speaker will talk about next |
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internal summary |
summarizes the content already disscussed |
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signpost |
statement that summarizes where a speaker is in his speech |
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purpose on the introduction |
gain attention of the audience reveal the speech topic establish credibility and goodwill preview body of speech |
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goodwill |
make sure you have the audiences best interest in mind |
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what is a preview statement? |
statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body |
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purpose of the conclusion |
let the audience know you are ending the speech reinforce the audiences understanding of the central idea |
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crescendo ending |
conclusion builds zenith and intensity |
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dissolve ending |
generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement |
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what is a preparation outline? |
detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes title, specific purpose, central idea, etc... |
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visual framework |
pattern of symbols and indentation in an outline |
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speaking outline |
used to jog a speakers memory during a speech |
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connotative vs denotative |
denotative- literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase connotative- more variable or figurative meanings associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase |
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simile |
comparison of words with "like" or "as" in between Fresh as a daisy fit as a fiddle hungry as a bear |
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cliche |
overused expression |
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metaphor |
comparison in two things that are essentially different yet have something in common |
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parallelism |
an arrangement of a pair of related words, phrases, or sentences -rich and poor -wise and foolish -man and woman |
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alliteration |
repetition of the initial consonant sound of close adjourning words -peace is essential for progress, but progress is no less essential for peace |
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antithesis |
Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas -ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country |
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inclusive language |
language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize |
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manuscript speech |
speech that is not written out word for word and read to the audience |
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extemporaneous speech |
carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes |
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whats an inflection |
change in pitch or tone of the speakers voice |
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mental dialogue |
the mental give and take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech |
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burden of proof |
the obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary |
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comparative advantage order |
the main point in the speech explaines why the speakers solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions |
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ethos |
credibility |
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derived credability |
cred of a speaker gained through everything said during the speech |
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terminal credibiality |
cred of a speaker at the end of a speech |
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logos |
derived from evidence and reasoning, logic |
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pathos |
emotional |
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casual reasoning |
seek to establish the relationship between cause and effect |
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analogical reasoning |
compare 2 similar cases and infers the truth |
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fallacy |
error in reasoning |
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false cause |
speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event is follows another, the first event is the cause of the second |
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red herring |
irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under disscusion |
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ad hominem |
a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in disppute |
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either-or |
CHOOSE BETWEEN ALTERNATIVES |
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slippery slope |
assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented |
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appeal to tradition |
assumes that something old is automatically better than something new |
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appeal to novelty |
something new is better than old |
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types of special occasion speeches |
introduction, presentation, acceptance, commemorative |
