Speech Final

Front 1

Case Study

Back 1

Deliberate study of an individual, organization, group, or a natural phenomenon. The changes that occur are observed and learned about.

Front 2

Histories

Back 2

The life history of individual ppl, organ., or nat phenom. May include data and viewpoints- free to include opinions and judgements.

Front 3

Stories

Back 3

Promote understanding and learning by standing for something else. Usually contains a moral.

Front 4

Plot

Back 4

Organizational structure of a narrative. Includes complication and resolution.

Front 5

Resolution

Back 5

The final event or change in the narrative plot.

Front 6

Setting

Back 6

The specific location of the narrative.

Front 7

Complications

Back 7

The building up of small events or changes and their relations to e/o arouses curiosity.

Front 8

Characters

Back 8

Used as a point of personal identification for reader. Not always people.

Front 9

Essential Narrative Elements

Back 9

1. Movement through time
2. Change

Front 10

Bookend Stories

Back 10

The same story is used in the introduction and conclusion.

Front 11

Descriptive Definitions

Back 11

The established and conventional usage of the word. (Mouse- rodent)

Front 12

Predescriptive Definitions

Back 12

Created for brand new terms.
(Mouse- computer accessory)

Front 13

Classification

Back 13

Knife: Tool, Instrument
Generalizations

Front 14

Differentation

Back 14

Knife: Sharp Blade, Used to Cut
Characterisitics

Front 15

Verbal Examples

Back 15

Create vivid, easily remembered image of the term.

Front 16

Sensory Examples

Back 16

Examples that you can see, hear, touch, smell, or taste.

Front 17

Secondary Definitions

Back 17

Define typical sub-categories that make up the whole term.
Ex: Happiness- exhilaration, contentment, joy

Front 18

Exemplar

Back 18

An Example such as a model or archetypical example.

Front 19

Nonexemplar

Back 19

Example of what the term is NOT.

Front 20

Physical Properties

Back 20

1. Places
2. Structures
3. Objects
4. Living Organisms

Front 21

Parts, Whole, and Their relationship

Back 21

Focusing on one of the component parts at a time and then moving on to the next.

Front 22

Ladder of Abstraction

Back 22

A continium of descriptions of the same thing from the most abstract to the most concrete.

Front 23

Spatial Categories

Back 23

Structures, places, and objects in a spatial or geographical organization.

Front 24

Sensory Categories

Back 24

1. How it looks
2. How it smells
3. How it sounds
4. How it feels
5. How it tastes

Front 25

Same class Comparison

Back 25

The two things seem alike at first glance

Front 26

Different Class Comparison

Back 26

The two things initally seem different from e/o.

Front 27

Types of Comparison speeches

Back 27

1. To explain complex ideas and processes.
2. To explain common experiences in a new way.
3. To assist audiences in making choices

Front 28

Organizational patterns for comparison speeches

Back 28

Divided and alternating patterns

Front 29

Divided Pattern

Back 29

Name two things being compared and then list all the features or criteria for one thing and then for the other.

Front 30

Alternating Pattern

Back 30

You list the two things being compared under the lists of compatible features

Front 31

Selection of Items for Comparison

Back 31

1. The two items must have significant similarities
2. One element must be familiar to audience
3. Must be able to support it
4. Not to intermix diff things
5. Make new and fresh

Front 32

Lower level supporting claims

Back 32

Must represent natural divisions of the main points they support

Front 33

Supporting claims

Back 33

Main points are subdivided into these

Front 34

Second level supporting claims

Back 34

Supporting claims are divided into these

Front 35

Support materials

Back 35

Narratives, Descriptions, Explanations, Definitions, Examples, Lists, Quotations, and Specific Facts.

Front 36

Introduction Transition

Back 36

1. General Background about the topic such as a history, explanation, definitions.
2. The relevance of the topic for the audience
3. The background of the speaker

Front 37

Plan of speech

Back 37

The last section of the Introduction. Announcement of the thesis and main points.

Front 38

Extemporaneous

Back 38

Speaker does not write the speech word for word

Front 39

Memory enhancing variables

Back 39

1. Motivations to remember information
2. The nature of the information to be remembered
3. The understanding of the meaning and relationship of the information
4. Repetition and rehearsal of the information

Front 40

Memory enhancing strategies

Back 40

1. introduce intrinsic and extrinisic awards
2. use vivid language
3. use humor
4. make content meaningful
5. point out/ make associations
6. incorporate repetition

Front 41

Explanation

Back 41

Change the nature of the information from meaningless to meaningful

Front 42

Association

Back 42

Increases the liklihood of remembering

Front 43

Extrinsic rewards

Back 43

rewards come from another person or agen and include material awards such as cupcakes, money, trophies, prizes. Nonmaterial things like prestige, praise, grades, power.

Front 44

Intrinsic rewards

Back 44

Come from yourself such as self-satisfaction, increased self esteem, and greater personal independence

Front 45

Self Evident Claims

Back 45

Meaning of the words make up the claims, or the form of something.
ex: rectangles have 4 sides
an eye is an eye

Front 46

Empricial Claims

Back 46

Depend on the observation of things in this world for their truth
ex: carrots grow underground

Front 47

Direct observation

Back 47

Speaker appeals to listener's senses to make a claim acceptable.

Front 48

Testimony

Back 48

statement of fact or opinion

Front 49

Expert opinion

Back 49

given on subjects for which ther seems to be no right answer

Front 50

soft evidence

Back 50

expert opinion because there is no single right answer

Front 51

hard evidence

Back 51

statistics and factual data

Front 52

circumstantial evidence

Back 52

consists of accompanying or attendant facts, events, or conditions that point to a claim

Front 53

Argument

Back 53

speaker expresses an arguent whenever a claim is asserted and other claims are offered as reasons in support of it

Front 54

premise

Back 54

a claim that provides a reason for accepting another claim, the conclusion.

Front 55

Conclusion

Back 55

a claim that isi implied or follows from the premises

Front 56

Premise indicators

Back 56

after all, and, and a matter of fact, because, by contrast

Front 57

Conclusion indicators

Back 57

as a result, consequently, hence, it follows that, so therefore

Front 58

data

Back 58

informative claims that provide basis for the conclusion

Front 59

warrant

Back 59

claim that explains the connection of the data to the conclusion

Front 60

qualifier

Back 60

indicates the degree of support for the conclusion

Front 61

serial argument

Back 61

abc, cde, efg, ghi

Front 62

linked argument

Back 62

abc, def, ghi
conlusion: c,f,i

Front 63

deductive reasoning

Back 63

conclusion follow with certainty from its premise

Front 64

inductive reasoning

Back 64

provides only probable support for the conclusion

Front 65

valid

Back 65

the premise and conclusion are true

Front 66

invalid

Back 66

the premise or conclusion are false

Front 67

sound

Back 67

agrument is valid

Front 68

unsound

Back 68

argument is invalid

Front 69

causal argument

Back 69

warrants that assert the existance of a relationship btwn 2 or more events such that one event leads to another

Front 70

sign arugment

Back 70

warrants the make connections btwn things
ex: doorbell

Front 71

arument by inductive generalization

Back 71

and inference made from a subset of a population, called a sample, to the whole of the population

Front 72

agrument by analogy

Back 72

we infer that things frozen yogurt is good to eat bc ice cream is good to eat and they are alike