Speech Exam 2

Front 1

an articulation problem that occurs when an extra sound is added

Back 1

addition

Front 2

the repetition of an initial consonant, a repeated sound

Back 2

alliteration

Front 3

the physiological process of creating the sounds of a word

Back 3

articulation

Front 4

an articulation problem that occurs when a sound is dropped or left out of a word

Back 4

deletion

Front 5

the amount of time devoted to the parts of a speech (e.g introduction, evidence, main points) and the dwelling on words for the effect

Back 5

duration

Front 6

a vocal aspect of delivery that involves the pronunciation and articulation of words; pronouncing correctly and producing the sounds clearly so that the language is understandable

Back 6

enunciation

Front 7

a method of speech delivery in which the presenter delivers a presentation from a key word outline or from brief notes

Back 7

extemporaneous mode

Front 8

a nonverbal aspect of delivery that involves the speaker looking directly at audience members to monitor their responses to the message

Back 8

eye contact

Front 9

a vocal aspect of delivery that involves the smooth flow of words and the absence of vocalized pauses

Back 9

fluency

Front 10

a bodily aspect of delivery that involves motions of the hands or body to indicate emphasis, commitment, and other feelings about the topic, audience, and occasion.

Back 10

gestures

Front 11

a method of speech delivery in which the presenter has no advance preparation

Back 11

impromptu mode

Front 12

mistaking one word for another

Back 12

malapropism

Front 13

a method of speech delivery in which the presenter writes out the complete presentation in advance and then uses that manuscript to deliver the speech but without memorizing it.

Back 13

manuscript mode

Front 14

a method of speech delivery in which the presenter commits the entire presentation to memory by either rote or repetition.

Back 14

memorized mode

Front 15

a nonverbal aspect of delivery that refers to a presenters locomotion in front of an audience

Back 15

movement

Front 16

an intentional silence used to draw attention to the words before or after the interlude

Back 16

pause

Front 17

the way we look, including our display of material things such as clothing and accessories

Back 17

physical appearance

Front 18

a vocal aspect of delivery that refers to the highness or lowness of the speaker's voice, its upward and downward inflection.

Back 18

pitch

Front 19

adjusting your volume appropriately for the subject the audience and the situation

Back 19

projection

Front 20

the production of the sounds of a word.

Back 20

pronunciation

Front 21

a vocal aspect of delivery that refers to the speed of delivery, the number of words spoken per minute

Back 21

rate

Front 22

the tempo of a speech, which varies by part (e.g introductions are often slower and more deliberate) and by the pacing of words and sentences

Back 22

rhythm

Front 23

an articulation problem that occurs when one sound is replaced with another

Back 23

substitution

Front 24

an articulation problem that occurs when two sounds are reversed.

Back 24

transposition

Front 25

a non-fluency in delivery characterized such sounds as "uhhh" "ahhh" or "mmm" or the reptetious use of such expressions such as like

Back 25

vocalized pause

Front 26

a vocal characteristic of delivery that refers to the loudness or softness of the voice.

Back 26

volume

Front 27

a simplification standing for a person or thing.

Back 27

abstraction

Front 28

words that are general , broad, distant from what you can perceive through your senses

Back 28

abstract words

Front 29

the reptition of an initial consonant, a repeated word.

Back 29

alliteration

Front 30

shows how much one thing is like another by highlighting similiarities

Back 30

comparison

Front 31

words that are specific, narrow, particular, and based on what you can sense.

Back 31

concrete words

Front 32

the idea suggested by a word other than its explicit meaning

Back 32

connotative meaning

Front 33

shows how unlike one thing is from another by highlighting differences

Back 33

contrast

Front 34

the direct, explicit meaning or reference of a word.

Back 34

denotative meaning

Front 35

attempts to observe objectively and without judgement

Back 35

descriptive language

Front 36

the origin of a word.

Back 36

etymology

Front 37

language that is full of judgements about the goodness or badness of a person or situation

Back 37

evaluative language

Front 38

comparing one concept to another analogous but different concept

Back 38

figurative language

Front 39

a kind of overstatement or use of a word or words that exaggerates the actual situation.

Back 39

hyperbole

Front 40

language that does not leave out groups of people

Back 40

inclusive language

Front 41

the degree to which words become separated from concrete or sensed reality

Back 41

levels of abstraction

Front 42

words used to reveal facts

Back 42

literal language

Front 43

a complex issue described as simple

Back 43

oversimplification

Front 44

your point of view; the way you perceive the world reflected in the words you choose

Back 44

perspective

Front 45

words repeated exactly or with slight variation

Back 45

repetition

Front 46

our language determines to some extent how we think about and view the world

Back 46

sapir-whorf- hypothesis

Front 47

a person who studies words and meanings

Back 47

semanticist

Front 48

a hasty generalization about an individual based on an alleged characteristic of a group

Back 48

stereotype

Front 49

words that represent the concrete and objective reality of objects and things as well as abstract ideas

Back 49

symbolic

Front 50

a word or words that mean more or less the same thing.

Back 50

synonym

Front 51

the extent to which the presenter furnishes reasons for the message claims

Back 51

argument

Front 52

1) discovering as much as possible about an audience to improve communication with them 2) learning enough about listeners to be able to predict their probable response to your message in a public speaking situation

Back 52

audience analysis

Front 53

a phenomenon in which the audience likes the presenter and the proposal on the issue less after the presentation than they did before it.

Back 53

boomerang effect

Front 54

a conclusion of what the persuader would have the listener believe or do that invites proof or evidence.

Back 54

claim

Front 55

include all parts of the argument- claims and supporting material- to produce attitude change and improve source credibility

Back 55

complete arguments

Front 56

the audience does what is socially acceptable based on the persuader's message

Back 56

compliance response

Front 57

the concept that audiences are more likely to change their behavior if the suggested change is consistent with their present beliefs, attitudes, and values.

Back 57

consistency persuades

Front 58

the idea that an audience is more likely to change their behavior if the suggested change will benefit them more than it will cost them.

Back 58

cost-benefit analysis

Front 59

the audience focuses on the arguments, the quality of the message, and the truth or accuracy of the message.

Back 59

critical response

Front 60

the presenter bases his or her claim on some premise that is generally affirmed by the audience.

Back 60

deductive reasoning

Front 61

the audience fends off the persuader's message to protect existing beliefs, attitudes, and values

Back 61

defensive response

Front 62

the extent to which the persuader makes his or her intentions clear in his message

Back 62

explicit

Front 63

an error in reasoning that weakens an argument

Back 63

fallacy

Front 64

a pyramid that builds from basic physiological needs like the need for oxygen all the way up to self actualization needs- the realization of one's highest potential

Back 64

hierarchy of needs

Front 65

the persuader amasses a series of particular instances to draw an inference

Back 65

inductive reasoning

Front 66

a message delivered to an audience by a speaker who intends to influence audience members choices by changing their responses toward an idea, issue, concept, or product.

Back 66

persuasive presentations

Front 67

the persuasive presentation seeks to uncover the truth based on fact.

Back 67

question of fact

Front 68

the persuasive presentation raises issues about goodness and badness right and wrong, enlightenment and ignorance.

Back 68

question of value

Front 69

the persuasive presentation enters the realm of rules, regulations, and laws.

Back 69

question of policy

Front 70

how the audience feels about you as a presenter before, during, and after the persuasive appeal.

Back 70

relationship

Front 71

the principle of persuasion that says audiences are more likely to alter their behavior if the suggested change will require small, gradual changes rather than major abrupt changes

Back 71

small, gradual changes persuade

Front 72

percentages, actual numbers, averages, and ranges of numbers used instead of "many" "most" or some other vague quantity

Back 72

specific numbers

Front 73

a persuasive speech given for the purpose of influencing listeners behaviors and actions

Back 73

speech of action

Front 74

a persuasive presentation given for the purpose of influencing listeners beliefs or attitudes

Back 74

speech to convince

Front 75

a persuasive speech given for the purpose of influencing listener's feelings or motivations

Back 75

speech to inspire

Front 76

written or oral statements of others experience used by a speaker to substantiate or clarify a point

Back 76

testimonial evidence

Front 77

designed to set a tone for an event- much like a welcome speech- and usually considered the primary or keynote, presentation for the event.

Back 77

commemorative address

Front 78

honors someone by naming an event, place, or other object after the honoree

Back 78

dedication presentation

Front 79

a person is paid tribute for their service before leaving

Back 79

farewell presentation

Front 80

highly stylized and artful use of language

Back 80

ornamental language

Front 81

designed to make a point in a creative and often times humorous way

Back 81

presentation to entertain

Front 82

designed to offer celebration and praise of a noteworthy person, organization, or cause

Back 82

presentation to pay tribute

Front 83

intended to set a tone for a larger event by inviting all participants-- including other presenters and audience members-- to appropriately engage the event

Back 83

presentation to welcome

Front 84

a ceremonial act that is characterized by qualities or procedures that are appropriate to the occasion.

Back 84

ritual

Front 85

designed to tell us about the person being introduced and to help establish their ethos

Back 85

speech of introduction

Front 86

introduces and honors someone you wish to place in contention for an award, elected office, or some other competitively selected position.

Back 86

speech of nomination

Front 87

typically presented when one or more people given awards.

Back 87

speech of recognition