Speech Disorders Test 2

Front 1

Communication disorders are referenced with respect to the individual’s ________________.

Back 1

speech community

Front 2

Only if the individual’s speech community regards the individual’s speech pattern as unusual, is it considered a communication _________________. Otherwise, it is referred to as a communication __________________.

Back 2

disorder; difference

Front 3

____________ is defined as a neutral label to refer to any variety of a language which is shared by a group of speakers

Back 3

Dialect

Front 4

o Refers to more surface characteristics of speech, e.g., phonological, idiomatic, suprasegmental.
o Speech sound differences

Back 4

Accent

Front 5

What are two main nonstandard dialects in Georgia?

Back 5

African-American English & Spanish-Influenced English

Front 6

What are some characteristics of African-American English speech?

Back 6

Labialization, cluster reduction, derhotacization

Front 7

What are some characteristics of Spanish-Influenced English speech?

Back 7

Final consonants devoiced, dentalization

Front 8

A set of values, perceptions, beliefs, etc. shared by members of a specific group, which are learned and changeable

Back 8

Culture

Front 9

The study of social and cultural influences of language use and structure

Back 9

Sociolinguistics

Front 10

What are some factors that influence language use and culture

Back 10

1. Ethnicity
2. Social class, education, and occupation
3. Geographical region
4. Situation or context
5. Peer group association or identification
6. First language

Front 11

What aspects of communication have changed as we learn more about multicultural communication?

Back 11

1. Attitude
2. Definition of Disorders
3. Testing and Diagnosis
4. Intervention

Front 12

How has multicultural knowledge changed our attitude toward multicultural speech?

Back 12

When we see a child from a different background, initial reaction was to put them in intervention (in old times)-->this attitude has changed to where people don’t need treatment for dialects

Front 13

How has multicultural knowledge changed how we define a communication disorder?

Back 13

The definition of what constitutes as a disorders has changed as multicultural speech

Front 14

How has multicultural knowledge changed how we test for & diagnose a communication disorder?

Back 14

• Multiple sources of bias exist, esp with standardized tests.
o E.g., directions/format bias, mismatch in communicative and cognitive style, phonological bias, grammatical bias.
o Format: bubbling in, the way questions are asked that may differ from regional norms
o Mismatch in communicative/cognitive style: may not match what test intended/detail oriented vs. something else
o Phonological bias, semantic bias, etc. Standard English may not apply to everyone (ask: does test take language variations into consideration?)

Front 15

T or F No dialectal variety of American English is a disorder or a pathological form of speech or language

Back 15

True

Front 16

Are False negatives or False positives of identifying a disorder in dialectal speakers more likely?

Back 16

Used to be false positives, but because of current hypersensitivity, disorders are often missed in speakers of other dialects. Need to strike a balance.

Front 17

What are some alternative testing methods to avoid standardized testing bias?

Back 17

use nonbiased tests, modify existing tests (use with caution), use criterion-referenced tests as much as possible, standardize existing tests for different populations

Front 18

For criterion referenced tests for multicultural patients we may want to compare to criterion to __________ rather than to norm references

Back 18

criterion

Front 19

If parent is concerned about native language, likely to be a _________________, not just a difference

Back 19

disorder

Front 20

What are some examples of criterion referenced tests which are used as an alternative to standardized testing?

Back 20

o Diagnostic Evaluation of Language (DELV) by Seymour and colleagues (Expanded from AAE to other dialects)
o Bilingual Verbal Ability Tests by Munoz et al

Front 21

The DELV consists of two types of features. What are they?

Back 21

Contrastive and Noncontrastive

Front 22

What is a contrastive feature?

What are they used to examine?

Back 22

Feature varies between dialects, e.g., present tense auxiliary (AAVE vs SAE): He is running vs. He running

Contrastive items are used to examine dialect usage

Front 23

What is a noncontrastive feature?

Back 23

Does not vary between dialects, e.g., past tense auxiliary

Noncontrastive items are used to examine disordered patterns

Front 24

In this form of testing, the speech pathologist Tests, teaches, and retests & then examines:
o How will children with speech differences perform?
o How will children with speech disorders perform?

Back 24

Dynamic Assessment

Front 25

What is the role of the SLP in multicultural service provision?

Back 25

o Traditional treatment is needed for true communication disorders (i.e., not related to dialectal differences)
o Elective services are indicated “in the acquisition of the desired competency in the second dialect without jeopardizing the integrity of the individual's first dialect.”

Front 26

What are some elective services for intervention for multicultural speakers?

Back 26

o Language Education
o Goal is to establish a parallel linguistic behavior and not to “correct” a “problem.”
o ESL and Accent modification instruction require training beyond usual academic programs
o If you do not have additional training, you can assume a collaborative consultant role with the trained ESL instructor