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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phonology
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study of speech sounds/ rules for sequencing into words/ syllables
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what shapes how kids pronounce things
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ease of saying; ease of understanding sound to say
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p
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voiced, bilabial stop
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4 factors used for phonology
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respiration- breath support
phonation- voicing articulation- form speech sounds resonance- increase sound and quality through vibration |
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phonotactics
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study of positioning/ sequencing of phonemes;
rule for combining sounds in words |
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morphophonolgy
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rules for pronouncing different combinations of phonemes
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suprasegmentals
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stress, pitch, intonation, loudness; variations in sound
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dialect
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variation in lang. specific to social class/ region
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ex of bound morphemes
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prefix/ suffix
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when do morphemes appear?
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Stage 2 of Brown's stages of syntactic development; MLU 2.0
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Morphemes
receive---- vocal emphasis |
light
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morphemes
belong to --- class of --- |
limited; constructions
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morphemes ;
possess ----- ----- forms |
multiple phonological forms
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phonology
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study of speech sounds/ rules for sequencing into words/ syllables
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what shapes how kids pronounce things
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ease of saying; ease of understanding sound to say
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p
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voiced, bilabial stop
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4 factors used for phonology
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respiration- breath support
phonation- voicing articulation- form speech sounds resonance- increase sound and quality through vibration |
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phonotactics
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study of positioning/ sequencing of phonemes;
rule for combining sounds in words |
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morphemes are ---- ---- forms
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phonetically minimal forms
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morphemes
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develop gradu/ varied
multiple phonological forms light vocal emphasis phonetically minimal forms limited class of constructions |
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agent
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performs action
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entity
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thing w/o action
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locative
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location
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object
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receives action
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demonstrative
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this that these those there
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attribute
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adj.
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initial words usually refer to....
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entities/ things (substantive)
relations entity shares w/ itself/ others (relational; uh-oh, allgone, ninight) 3. performers- do what they say |
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when do children comprehend multiword utterance in relation to production?
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before they produce them
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multiwords utterances- describe w/ syntax or semanitcs
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semantics
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kind of words in early expressive lexicons
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nominals (nouns), action words, modifiers, personal social words
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ostentive learning
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lots of contextual info provided by caregiver
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bootstrapping
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use what know about language to help w/ what don't know
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a child uses ---- based on ----- to figure out meanings
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syntax; based on semantic structure
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2 examples of using syntax based on semantic structures to figure out meanings
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fast mapping; frame and slot strategy (chromium tray- angry wug)
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associationist theory sem. acq.
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referent- unconditioned stimulus
word- conditioned stimulus like classical conditioning |
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semantic feature hypothesis of sem. acq.
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s. features aka categorical feature hypothesis
words made of smaller units called semantic features Clark overextensions (dog= animal, mama= woman) |
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cognitive theory (aka) of semantic acquistion
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aka Functional Core Hypothesis
based on functional properties of objects learned through action Nelson/ Piaget (ball- bounces) |
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Prototype theory of semantic development
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BIRD; perceptual/ functional features
initially narrow in scope |
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giant words; when occur
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"all gone", "gobyebye"
occur before 50 work mark |
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factors influence early words
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learned through means end relationship (dad says "uh oh"
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at 50 word mark
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start putting multiple words together; (giant words before this point)
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factors influence semantic development
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experience/ ease of making
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MLU number of utterances; use w/ -- percent accuracy
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100 (90 percent)
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features of adult speech influence language development
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label what child is attending;
simplify labelling (money- nickel) mis-label for cognition ostensions; inclusions |
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semantics
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development of meaning single word/ multiword level
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influence on early words
(3) -- comps. ----- category --- and --- complexity |
phonological composition, grammatical category
linguistic/ conceptual complexity |
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Invented words :3 things kid does
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Simplicty- to pillow (throw pillow)
semantic transparency- plant man- gardener (easier to remember) productivity- applies "er" eg (cooker) |
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holophrases
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single words w/ sentence meanings
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modalities
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different sentence types
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14 grammatical morphemes
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1. present progressive
2. "in" and "on" 4. plural 5. irregular past 6. possessive 7. uncontractible copula 8. articles 9. regular past tense 10. regular third person singular 11. irregular third person singular 12. uncontractible auxiliary 13.contractible copula 14. contractible auxiliary |
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1.
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present progressive- Running
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2.
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in / on
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3.
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plural- treadmills
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predominance of common nouns
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referential
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predomin. pronouns
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expressive
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larger vocal
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referential
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smaller vocab
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expressive
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use language to get objects
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referential
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use language socially
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expressive
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slower rate of speech
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referential
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faster rate of speech
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expressive
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good articulation
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referential
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poorer articulation
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expressive
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code oriented
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referential
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message oriented
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expressive
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patterners
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referential
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dramatists
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expressive
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syntax built word by word
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referential
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syntax built through common phrases
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expressive
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2 words semantic relations (8 total)
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agent action
action object agent object demonstrative entity entity location possessor possession attribute entity action location |
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I read
read book God book this book book heart my heart Good book pray here |
agent action
action object agent object demonstrative entity entity location posessor possession attribute entity action location |
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4 transitions from single to multi word utterances
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- successive single word utterance
- sound plus true word (ph ball) -vocable plus true word (pepperponi ball) -canonical form plus true word (nununun) |
