Speech Communications

Front 1

3 differences between public speaking and conversations

Back 1

1. Pulbic speaking is more highly structured
2. Public speaking requires more formal language
3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery

Front 2

Stage Fright

Back 2

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

Front 3

Adrenaline

Back 3

A hormone release into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

Front 4

Positive nervousness

Back 4

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

Front 5

How to deal with nervousness

Back 5

1. Acquire Speaking Exp
2. Prepare
3. Think positively
4. Visualize success
5. MOST nervousness is not visible
6. Don't expect perferction

Front 6

Visualization

Back 6

mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful prsentation

Front 7

Each minute of a speech requires how much prep time

Back 7

One or two hours of prep

Front 8

True or False:

There is such a thing as a perfect speech

Back 8

False

Front 9

What else makes a speech good?

Back 9

1. Good sleep
2. Tensing your muscles and untensing them
3. Slow, deep breathing
4. Work hard on the intro
5. Eye contact
6. Communicate rather than worry about stage fright
7. Visual Aids

Front 10

Critical thinking

Back 10

Focused, orgainzed thinking about such thigns as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundess of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

Front 11

What is the SPCM Process?

Back 11

Speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation

Front 12

Speaker

Back 12

Person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

Front 13

Speaker success depends on...

Back 13

credibility, knowledge of the subject, preparation of the speech, manner of speech, sensitivity to the audience, and the occasion

Front 14

Message

Back 14

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

Front 15

How else is a message sent, other than words?

Back 15

tone of voice, appearance, gestures, facial experssion, and eye contact

Front 16

Channel

Back 16

the means by which a message is communicated

Front 17

Listener

Back 17

the person who receives the speaker's message

Front 18

Frame of reference

Back 18

the sum of a person's knowledge, exp, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference

Front 19

True or False:

No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Feedback

Back 20

the messages, usually noverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

Front 21

Interference

Back 21

Anything that impedes the communication of a message.

Front 22

Interference can be...

Back 22

external or internal to listeners

Front 23

Situation

Back 23

time and place in which speech communication occurs

Front 24

Complexity in Multi-cultural speaking comes from...

Back 24

differences in languages

Front 25

Ethnocentrism

Back 25

the belief that on's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Front 26

Ethics

Back 26

branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

Front 27

Ethical decisions

Back 27

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of thical standards or guidelines

Front 28

Guidelines for Ehtical Speaking

Back 28

1. Ethically sound goals
2. Be fully prepared
3. Be honest
4. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
5. Practice Ethical Principles

Front 29

name calling

Back 29

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

Front 30

Bill of rights

Back 30

the first 10 amendments to the united states constitution

Front 31

Plagiarism

Back 31

presenting another person's anguage or ideas as one's own

Front 32

Types of Plagiarism

Back 32

global - stealing entirely from a single source
patchwork - stealing ideas or language from two or three sources
incremental - failing to give credit for particular parts that are borrowed

Front 33

Types of errors in Incremental Plagiarism

Back 33

Quotations - forgetting to clearly identify the source of the quote
Paraphrase - forget to credit the original source of the paraphrase

Front 34

Appreciative listening

Back 34

listening for pleasure or enjoyment

Front 35

Empathic listening

Back 35

listening to provide emotional support for a speaker

Front 36

Comprehensive listening

Back 36

listening to understand the message of a speaker

Front 37

Critical listening

Back 37

listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it

Front 38

4 Causes for Poor Listening

Back 38

1. Not concentrating
2. Listening too hard
3. Jumping to Conclusions
4. Focusing on delivery and personal appearance

Front 39

spare "brain time"

Back 39

extra time that your pbrain can use to process things

Front 40

General Purpose

Back 40

the broad goal of a speech

Front 41

Specific Purpose

Back 41

single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

Front 42

Central idea

Back 42

one sentence statement that sums up or ecapsulates the major ideas of a speech

Front 43

Residual message

Back 43

What a speaker wants the audience to remember after s has forgotteen everything else in a speech

Front 44

How should a central purpose be worded?

Back 44

1. Full sentence
2. not a question
3. avoid figurative language
4. Should not be vague or overly general

Front 45

Audience Centeredness

Back 45

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

Front 46

Identification

Back 46

a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and exp

Front 47

Demographic audience analysis

Back 47

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender religion, sexual orientation, group membership, racial, ethnic, or cultural background

Front 48

Stereotyping

Back 48

creating an oversimplified image of a particual group of people, usually by assumig that all members of the group are alike

Front 49

Main points

Back 49

major points developed in the speech

Front 50

True or False:

Most speeches contain from two to five main points

Back 50

True

Front 51

True or False:

Generally you have time to develop more than four or five points

Back 51

False

Front 52

What is the consequence of having to many points?

Back 52

The audience will not be able to sort out all the points

Front 53

Ways to organize a speech

Back 53

1. Chronological order
2. Spatial order
3. Causal order
4. Problem - Solution order
5. Topical order

Front 54

Chronological order

Back 54

method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Front 55

Spatial Order

Back 55

method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional patter

Front 56

Causal order

Back 56

points show a cause- effects relationship in their order

Front 57

Problem-Solution order

Back 57

first main point deals with the existence of a problem and te second main point presents a solution to the problem

Front 58

Topical order

Back 58

the points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Front 59

Tips for prep of main points

Back 59

1. Keep points seperate
2. Use same pattern or wording
3. Balance the time between each point

Front 60

Connective

Back 60

word or phrase that connects the ideas of a spech and indicates the relationship between them

Front 61

Transition

Back 61

word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Front 62

Internal Preview

Back 62

statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

Front 63

Internal summary

Back 63

statemet in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

Front 64

Signpost

Back 64

brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

Front 65

Tips for a good intro

Back 65

1. Get the attention and interest of the audience
2. Reveal the topic of the Speech
3. Establish your credibility and goodwill
4. Preview the body of the speech

Front 66

Rhetorical question

Back 66

question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

Front 67

Credibility

Back 67

audience's preception of whter a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

Front 68

Goodwill

Back 68

the audience's preception of whether the speaker has the best interest of the audeince in mind

Front 69

Preview statement

Back 69

statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Front 70

Conclusion

Back 70

End of the speech

Front 71

Introduction

Back 71

beginning of the speech

Front 72

Reasons for the conclusion:

Back 72

1. To let the audeince know you are ending the speech
2. to reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment ot, the central idea

Front 73

Types of endings

Back 73

1. Crescendo ending
2. Dissolve ending
3.

Front 74

Crescendo ending

Back 74

conclusion in whcih the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Front 75

Dissolve ending

Back 75

conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

Front 76

Preparation Outline

Back 76

detailed outline developed during the process of speech prep. that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, coclusion, and bibliography of a speech

Front 77

Visual framework

Back 77

pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speakers ideas

Front 78

Bibliography

Back 78

list of all the sources used in preparing a speech

Front 79

Speaking Outline

Back 79

brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of the speech

Front 80

Guidelines for the speaking outling

Back 80

1. Follow the visual framework
2. Make sure the outline is legible
3. Keep the outline as brief as possible
4. give yourself cues for dlievering the speech

Front 81

Guidelines for the preparation outline

Back 81

1. State the specific purpose
2. Identify the central idea
3. Label the introduction, body, and conclusion
4. Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and identation
5. state main points and subpoints in full sentences
6. Label transistions, internal summaries, and internal previews
7. Attach a bibliography
8. Give your speech a title

Front 82

Delivery cues

Back 82

directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech

Front 83

True or False:

Reading from a manuscript is a method of delivering a speech

Back 83

True

Front 84

True or False:

Reciting from memory is not a method of delivering a speech

Back 84

False

Front 85

Manuscript speech

Back 85

a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience

Front 86

Impromptu Speech

Back 86

a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

Front 87

Extemporaneous speech

Back 87

carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

Front 88

True or False:

The extemporaneous and impromptu styles are technically the same

Back 88

False

Front 89

Advantages of Extemp. Style

Back 89

1. More control over tought and language
2. offers greater spontaniety and directness
3. adaptable to a wide range of situations
4. Encourages the conversational quality

Front 90

Informative speech

Back 90

speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding

Front 91

types of Informative Speeches:

Back 91

1. Speeches about objects
2. Speeches about processes
3. Speeches about events
4. Speeches about concepts

Front 92

Guidelines for Informative Speeches

Back 92

1. Don't overestimate what the audeince knows
2. Relate the subject direclty to the audience
3. Don't be too technical
4. Avoid abstractions
5. Personalize your ideas

Front 93

Description

Back 93

a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness

Front 94

Comparison

Back 94

statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

Front 95

Contrast

Back 95

a statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

Front 96

Personalize

Back 96

to present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience