Speech Class Exam 1 Material

Front 1

intrapersonal communication

Back 1

talking to yourself

Front 2

impersonal communication

Back 2

dont know the person you are communicating with (buisness)

Front 3

Interpersonal communication

Back 3

friends, close people

Front 4

Small group communications is considered talking to a maxium of how many people?

Back 4

10

Front 5

Public Speaking consists of how many people?

Back 5

10+

Front 6

What is the transactional model?

Back 6

it is the elementes of communication

Front 7

What are techniques in reducing speech anxiety?

Back 7

learn basic skills, use relaxation techniques and be well prepared

Front 8

What is the basic structure of a speech?

Back 8

1. tell audience what you are going to tell them
2. Tell them
3. Tell them what you told them

Front 9

Describe what a good introduction should have.

Back 9

-Attention grabber, give the audience a reason to listen.
-Preview what you are going to tell them

Front 10

What are good attention grabbers?

Back 10

telling a stroy, giving examples, providing a statistic, asking a rhetorical question or using appropriate humor.

Front 11

What should the body of a speech have?

Back 11

-It should be organized into 2-3 main points- with appropriate subpoints
-The content of each point should be balanced
- The transitionas that link the main points should be effective
- A mixture of evidence is used to support each point

Front 12

What should the conclustion of a speech have?

Back 12

- Tell them what you told them
-Bring it back full circle
-End on a positive note

Front 13

What is the best options for using notes while giving a speech?

Back 13

Notecards or Split form- which is half nots half manuscript

Front 14

What are the basics in using visual aids?

Back 14

KISS (keep it simple stupid)
Not too much text- just key points
Do not use too many colors of fonts
24 pt font minimum-for powerpoints
integrate it and refer to it

Front 15

What is the preception process?

Back 15

an active process involving the selction, organization, and interpretation of sensory data. It helps us make sense of the world.

Front 16

What is the Halo Effect?

Back 16

the first impression becomes the impression that prevails. The first impression sticks.

Front 17

What is Person Perception?

Back 17

using your own knowledge to predict how others will behave. Ex: all athletes are dumb-stereotypes

Front 18

What are identity cues?

Back 18

nonverbal factors that are judged.

Front 19

What is stereotyping?

Back 19

a fixed impression about a group of people, over generalization

Front 20

What is attribution?

Back 20

you make sense of things based on what you know or think you know about another's personal characteristics

Front 21

What are the limiting barriers of personal relationships?

Back 21

-Know it all attitude
- See only what you want to see
-Make cultural assumptions

Front 22

How can we improve in making personal connections/relationships?

Back 22

Seek information-describe the observed behavior
Look for other possible interpretations
Seek Clarification

Front 23

What is self concept?

Back 23

-the self is the central ingredient in human personality and adjustment (Rogers)
-You looking glass self (Hensely)
-An image of who you are (Devito)
-subjective collection of your attitudes and beliefs (caputo et al)

Front 24

How is the self developed?

Back 24

-Conditioning and reinforcement
-Four stages of personality developement (Smith and Williamson) include:
1. personifcation
2. Imitation
3. Role Play
4 Symbolic Rose-playing

Front 25

How can you work on Self Esteem?

Back 25

-use of positive self reflection
-vivid imagery (visualization)
-use constructive self-talk to help attack self-destructive beliefs
-Keep a sense of humor
-Be with positive people
-Learn how to be successful with projects

Front 26

What are the aspects of Informative speaking?

Back 26

-The goal is to seek mutual understanding
-Focus on an object, person, place, process, event, idea, concept or an issue
-Answer who, what, where, and how

Front 27

How do you choose a speech topid?

Back 27

-Generate potential topics via brainstorming and research, and or concept maps
-When deciding on your topic area, keep the audience and occasion in mind- demonstrate respect for audience and establish good rappor, ethics and credibility

Front 28

What are the different speech patterns?

Back 28

chronological, causal, spatial, compare/contrast, narrative or topical

Front 29

What is chronological speech pattern?

Back 29

main points follow a time sequence

Front 30

What is a causal speech pattern?

Back 30

organizes main points to show a cuase and effect relationship

Front 31

What is a spacial speech pattern?

Back 31

used to create a mental picture of an object or place based on location or direction (use of space)

Front 32

What is a compare/contrast speech pattern?

Back 32

paticularly useful for an unfamiliar concept, event belief or process.

Front 33

What is a narrative speech pattern?

Back 33

coveys ideas through the use of a series of stories or a story

Front 34

What is a topical speech pattern?

Back 34

Divides a topic into subcategories

Front 35

Why is an outline important?

Back 35

it puts your speech into a recognizable pattern, it allows for flexibility to adjust your message, provides opporunity to critique your speech, it can reduce public speaking anxiety, improves your credibility

Front 36

What are teh different types of outlines?

Back 36

Prep Outline- a working draft
Formal Outline- final typed draft including transitions and work cited
Speaking Outline- nots in notecard format

Front 37

What is nonverbal communication?

Back 37

anything not pertaining to words, it is ongoing, visible often hard to manipulate, it can be interntional or unintentional, it is the primary mode for expressig emotion, it is culturally vased, it is often ambiguous (not very clear), nonverbals are highly believable

Front 38

What is the keys to nonverbal delivery

Back 38

use gestures and motivated movement to emphasize and repeat. Gestures should come from teh elbow not the wrist, Gesture and movemtne should be used together, one technique is the diamond walk, all of thsee should not be overused

Front 39

What is the techniques for eye contact and facial expression?

Back 39

complement what you are saying and help make it more blievable, work towards 90 percent eye contact, scan entire audience during speech and look them in the eye for 2 seconds

Front 40

What are the techniques for verbal delivery?

Back 40

pronunciation and speed, volume and vocal variety. Use stresses and pauses Try to speak slower than you do in normal everyday conversation, speak to the back of the room, uses approporate emotion in your voice.

Front 41

What is the differences between hearing and listening?

Back 41

Hearing is a physiclogical process, and listening as a psychological process

Front 42

What are the different types of listening?

Back 42

-Informational- to understand
-Empathic- to support
-Dialogic- sculpt mutal meaning
-Critical- examine what you are hearing to see if it makes sense

Front 43

What are the five traditional canons of public speaking? the (Rhetorica ad Herennium)

Back 43

-Inventio (Invention)
-Dispositio (Dispostion)
-Elocutio (Elocution)
-Memoria (Memory)
-Pronuntiatio (Delivery)

Front 44

What is the canon inventio?

Back 44

Inventio (Invention)- choice of a topid and discovering the ideas and proof.

Front 45

What is the canon Dispositio?

Back 45

Dispositio (Dispostion)- a selections of ideas, purpose and occasion, development of theisis and organization of the subject matter

Front 46

What is the canon Elocutio?

Back 46

-Elocutio (Elocution)- appropriate style

Front 47

What is the canon Memoria?

Back 47

-Memoria (Memory)- the mastery of your speaking material in a sequential order

Front 48

What is the canon Pronuntiatio?

Back 48

-Pronuntiatio (Delivery)- use of the voice and body

Front 49

Stress is brough on by lack of what?

Back 49

Control

Front 50

What is the inferiority complex?

Back 50

most humans at one time or another, believe they're inferior. This "inferiority complex often resultes from the natural desire to be loved and approved.

Front 51

How can you use your nervousness as a productive speech tool?

Back 51

It can produce the energizer effect, which occurs when three elements combine during a speech, the speaker is nervous, an audience is present, but the speaker has carefully prepared.

Front 52

What are the things you should think about when chosing a speech topic?

Back 52

Your interests, your knowledge, your audience's interests, and your audiences knowledge

Front 53

What should you use to organize your speech?

Back 53

An outline, which includes Title, Introduction, Body-which includes the thesis and a conclusion, each with their own subpoints

Front 54

What should the thesis include?

Back 54

it is the anchor for you speech and should include a summary of your main points

Front 55

What is the purpose of the introduction?

Back 55

to get the attention of your audience andhelp you establish rapport with them

Front 56

What is the importance of transistions in speeches?

Back 56

they are connecting links that help you glide from one major idea to another. Internal summaries can be used to link sections of your presentation.

Front 57

What is the purpose of the conclusion?

Back 57

it summarizes key points of the talk and ties it together

Front 58

Good memorization includes three steps, waht are they?

Back 58

associateion, imagination and repetition

Front 59

What are the different kinds of speeches?

Back 59

extemporaneous, manuscript of impromptu.

Front 60

What is an extemporaneous speech?

Back 60

You get to pick a topic, and prepare for it in advance. Usually includes the use of an outline.

Front 61

What is a manuscript speech?

Back 61

a speech given with a memorized manuscript, or reading from a manuscript

Front 62

What is an impromptu speech?

Back 62

less than a minute to collect your thoughts and decide what you are going to say.

Front 63

Whar are the different categories of speeches?

Back 63

Demonstration speech, Informative and persuasive.

Front 64

What is a demonstrative speech?

Back 64

usually requres propts of other visual aids to demonstrate a technique.

Front 65

What is an imformative speech?

Back 65

Bringing new and interesting information to an audience and help them to understand something better than they did before they heard your speech.

Front 66

What is a persuasive speech?

Back 66

Persuade other to think they way you do on the issue you are talking about.

Front 67

What is perception?

Back 67

an acitivve process by which people assign meaing to experiences.

Front 68

What is selection or selective attention?

Back 68

you can process only a certain amount of what is going on around you at a given moment and you must select what you pay attention to

Front 69

What does organization of information that you percieve and select do?

Back 69

put the information in a way that will help make sense of the information.

Front 70

What is interpretation ro interpretation evaluation?

Back 70

this plays a major part in every interpersonal transaction, your rules, schemata and scripts as well as your gender affect your interpretation which is simply giving meaning.

Front 71

What is person perception?

Back 71

the process by which people make such predictions about other people's actions and behaviors.

Front 72

What are identity cues?

Back 72

particular styles of clothing or other nonverbal factors that give others a way to judge your identity.

Front 73

What is attribution?

Back 73

basing your impression on your perceptual interpretation. basing your judgements off of what you already know.

Front 74

What are three kinds of errors that can occur in the attribtion process?

Back 74

Self-serving bias- happens when we take credit for postive attributions and deny negative ones
Over attribution- single out one or two characteristics of a person and attribute everything to them
Overvaluing the contributions of internal factos and undervaluing external factors.

Front 75

what is allness?

Back 75

the erroneous belief that someone could possibly know all there is to know about something

Front 76

what is blindering

Back 76

failing to remove blinders and look open-mindedly at the entire view

Front 77

What is a cultural lens?

Back 77

intercultural communications probles arise from varying perceptual interpretations of both language usuage and nonverbal behaviors.

Front 78

What is perception checking?

Back 78

seeking more information about a person so that you dont judge on too little information. The different steps you can do this is 1. describe the behavior you observe, 2. look for possible interpretation and 3. if necessary seek clarification

Front 79

What is the difference between sympathizing and empathizing?

Back 79

Sympathize- feeling sorry for someone elses situation
empathize- trying to feel what or how someone else is feeling, or knowing how they are feeling

Front 80

What is self concept?

Back 80

a subjective collection of your attitudes and beliefs about yourself, built up over all the years of your life.

Front 81

What is residual self-concept?

Back 81

the concept you have of yourself brough on by years of conditioning from significant other people.

Front 82

what is self monitoring?

Back 82

the residual self concept can often motivate people to self-monitor, a high self-monitor is someone who can read a situation and project whatever image is requred.

Front 83

Self-fulfilling prophecy is what?

Back 83

the notion that how you think about yourself often shpes how you will act in certain situations.

Front 84

What is nonverbal communication?

Back 84

a wide range of phenomena, the way you sit, dress, comb your hair, all these things are communicating something about you .

Front 85

what is nonverbal behavior?

Back 85

those attributes or actions of humans, other than the use of words themseves, which ahve socially shared meaning, and have potential for feedback from the reciever

Front 86

what is the communication package?

Back 86

learning to uderstand and use both verbal and noverbal sings and symbols, your potential as a sybol user starts to be realized.

Front 87

What are some of the characteristics of nonverbal communication?

Back 87

1. Nonverbal communication is ongoing
2. Nonverbal communication can be intentional or unitnenional
3. Nonverbal communicatio is the primary mode for expressing emotions.
4. nonverbal communication is ambiguous.
5. Nonverbal communication adumbrates social interaction. adumbrates means to foreshadow or to partially disclose.
6. Nonverbal communication is culture based.
7. nonverbal messages are more believable

Front 88

What are the primary functions of nonverbal messages?

Back 88

repeating- telling something in more than one form, using verbal and nonverbal, such as giving directiosn and pointing
Substituting- using a nonverbal in place of a verbal, such as shrugging the shoulders in a response to a question that you dont know
Adding detail or complementing- using nonverbal to complement what you are saying, such as saying I love you and giving a hug at the same time
Accenting- adding detail and emphasis
Contradicting- sending two different messages, one with your verbal and the other with your nonverbal

Front 89

What is paralinguistics?

Back 89

means "with language" or "accompanying speech". Not what you say but how you say it.

Front 90

What is kinesics?

Back 90

body movements, including eye behavior and are part of your nonverbal repertoire.

Front 91

What are emblems?

Back 91

usually gestural equivalents of a word or phrase. ex. come here being replace by the hand movement

Front 92

What are illustrators?

Back 92

they are directly linked to speech b/c these actions illustrate what is being said orally and for the most part, are intentional acts. Such as illustrating the size of something

Front 93

What are regulators?

Back 93

actions that servet o control oral interactions between two or more people. They can tell the speaker to continue (head nod), repeat, elaborate, hurry up etc.

Front 94

What are affect displays?

Back 94

body expression that relfect the emotional state of teh communicator.

Front 95

What are adaptors?

Back 95

movements, learned in childhood, that are part of a patterned activity.

Front 96

what are proxemics?

Back 96

use of personal and physical space

Front 97

What is expectancy violations theory?

Back 97

a theory that suggest that there are times people should break the social normas of personal space.

Front 98

What is haptics?

Back 98

touching behavior.

Front 99

What are the three baic somatypes (bdy shpes) that Sheldon classified men into?

Back 99

Endomorph- soft, round and fat
mesomorphy- bony, muscular and athletic
Ectomorph- tall, thin and fragile

Front 100

What is artifactual communication?

Back 100

includes all those artifacts or elements you add to your body, sucha s earrings, watches, necklaces and eyeglasses.

Front 101

What are chronemics?

Back 101

it deals with dimensions of time that influence our communication. How we use our time, organize our day, plan our futre, react to time, our time preferences the way each culture structures time etc.

Front 102

What are four types of listening used in interpersonal communication?

Back 102

informational, empathic, critical and dialogic.

Front 103

What is informational listeinting

Back 103

Listening for certain information to understand what the speaker is trying to tell you ex. listening in class

Front 104

What is the difference between active and passive listening?

Back 104

an acitve listener puts in great effort to understand the infromation being presented to you in the coversation.
Passive listeners may hear the words and understand a few ideas, but little more is happening than the voice vibrations from the speaker entering you mind and getting lost somewhere.

Front 105

What is pseudo-listeining?

Back 105

faking attention on the presentor and their information

Front 106

What is entertainment syndrome?

Back 106

the concept means that listeniners are looking forward to getting entertained by a speaker, and are disappointed when the speaker doesnt deliever.

Front 107

What are three helpful methods for remembering?

Back 107

association, imagination and repetition.

Front 108

What is association?

Back 108

linking ideas together, which makes them easier to remember

Front 109

What is imagination when associated with memory?

Back 109

with imagination you can vividly rmember the details of something you've already experienced

Front 110

What is repetition when associated with memory?

Back 110

repeating something to remember it, or repeating the association and imagination steps over and over again

Front 111

What is empathic listening?

Back 111

trying to understand what the other personis saying, and try to feel as they feel.

Front 112

What is critical listening?

Back 112

considering the ideas that you are discussing and seeing if they make sense. It can help people figure out the false from the true, or distinguish invlid from valid arguments

Front 113

What is an inference?

Back 113

a logical leap from evidence to a conclusion.

Front 114

What are some ways to better your critcal listening?

Back 114

Checkin for supportive evidence, musking sure reasoning is cogent, insisting on correct inferences

Front 115

What is dialogic listening?

Back 115

two people engaged in dialogic listeningwork to mold their conversations as they carry it on.

Front 116

What is presentness?

Back 116

the partners in dialogic listening focus on the here and now as they build their meaning, rather than on the past or future.