Speech Chapters 16 And 17

Front 1

persuasive speech

Back 1

a speech that aims to influence audience members' beliefs, attitudes, or actions

Front 2

strategic discourse

Back 2

the process of selecting arguments that will best achieve a speaker's rhetorical purpose in an ethical manner

Front 3

fact claims

Back 3

a statement asserting that something is true or false.

Front 4

value claims

Back 4

a statement that attaches a judgement to a subject.

Front 5

policy claims

Back 5

a statement that advocates action by organizations, institutions, or members of the audience.

Front 6

latitude of acceptance

Back 6

the range of positions on a given issue that acceptable to the audience

Front 7

latitude of rejection

Back 7

the range of positions on a given issue that are unacceptable to the audience

Front 8

boomerang effect

Back 8

the act of pushing an audience more firmly into their previously held beliefs.

Front 9

needs

Back 9

the objects an audience desires and the feelings that must be satisfied

Front 10

values

Back 10

people's core conceptions about what is desirable for their own lives and for society

Front 11

two-sided argument

Back 11

an argument in which the speaker acknowledges an argument against his or her thesis

Front 12

core beliefs

Back 12

long and closely held viewpoints that are particularly immune to persuasion

Front 13

peripheral beliefs

Back 13

viewpoints that people do not hold closely as core beliefs and that they may not have had for a long time.

Front 14

motivated sequence

Back 14

a persuasive organizational pattern that is structured around five main points

Front 15

ethos

Back 15

inspiring belief in an audience by conveying a sense of speaker's knowledge, honesty, trustworthiness, experience, authority, etc

Front 16

competence

Back 16

knowledge and experience in a subject

Front 17

trustworthiness

Back 17

the characteristic of exhibiting honesty and fairness

Front 18

goodwill

Back 18

speakers wanting what is best for their audience rather than what would most benefit themselves

Front 19

logos

Back 19

the sound reasoning that supports a speaker's claims and makes the argument more persuasive to an audience

Front 20

evidence

Back 20

information gathered from credible research sources that helps a speaker support his or her claims

Front 21

fallacious reasoning

Back 21

a type of faulty reasoning in which the link between a claim and its supporting material is weak

Front 22

inductive reasoning

Back 22

generalizing from facts, instances, or examples then making a claim based on that generalization

Front 23

example reasoning

Back 23

presenting specific instances to support a general claim

Front 24

representative examples

Back 24

instances that are typical of the class they represent

Front 25

comparison reasoning

Back 25

arguing that two instances are similar enough that what is true for one is likely to be true for the other

Front 26

casual reasoning

Back 26

arguing that one event has caused another

Front 27

post hoc fallacy

Back 27

incorrectly naming the cause of one event as the event that immediately preceded it

Front 28

reversed casualty

Back 28

missing the fact that the effect is actually the cause

Front 29

sign reasoning

Back 29

arguing that a fact is true because indirect indicators are consistent with that fact

Front 30

ad populum fallacy

Back 30

implies that because a large number of people are engaging in an activity, everyone should

Front 31

straw person fallacy

Back 31

substituting a real claim with a weaker claim that a speaker can more easily refute

Front 32

slippery slope fallacy

Back 32

arguing against a policy because one assumes that the policy will inevitably lead to another outcome that is undesirable

Front 33

false dilemma fallacy

Back 33

a speaker incorrectly claiming that there are only two possible choices to solve a problem, that one of them is wrong, and the audience should therefore support the speaker's solution.

Front 34

appeal to tradition fallacy

Back 34

arguing that a practice or policy is good because people have followed it for a long time

Front 35

pathos

Back 35

appealing to an audience's emotions

Front 36

fear appeal

Back 36

a form of pathos in which an argument arouses fear in the minds of audience members.