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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Bernoulli effect occurs when...?
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air pressure is reduced due to air flow through the vocal folds
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What is the Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation ?
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The vocal folds are activated by the airstream from the lungs and vibrate due to properties of elasticity and tension
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What 3 things does a Spectrogram show us?
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1. frequency
2. amplitude 3. time |
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What is the Bernoulli effect?
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When air flows through a constricted passage, velocity increases.
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State Boyle's Law
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Volume and pressure are inversely related: As volume increases, pressure decreases; as volume decreases, pressure increases.
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What is Fourier analysis
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Allows for the calculation of harmonics of a complex wave from a given fundamental frequency.
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In the production of these phonemes, phonation is filtered by the complete vocal tract
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Vowels and resonant consonants
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During tidal breathing, inspiration makes up about ____% of the breathing cycle
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40
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Which organization monitors the calibration standards for audiometers?
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ANSI
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Briefly describe the difference between endolymph and perilymph.
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Perilymph fluid contains high concentrations of sodium and fills the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. Endolymph fluid contains high concentrations of potassium and fills the scala media.
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According to Steven’s Power Law (1975), loudness grows at a rate that is slower or faster than intensity?
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Slower
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The physical correlate of pitch is
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Frequency
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The lowest frequency associated with tonality is about ______ Hz?
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20 Hz
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Define damping
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Damping: the decrease in the amplitude of displacement over time
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The duration of a cycle is called ________________?
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Period
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What is a periodic sound wave?
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those in which the pattern of vibration repeats itself exactly over time
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Watts is a unit of ________ and dynes is a unit of __________?
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Watts: unit for power
Dynes: unit for pressure |
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What is bandwidth?
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The range of frequencies that a resonator will transmit
-Irregular shaped and more complex resonators have wider bandwidth |
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______________________ act as filters by filtering some frequencies out of a sound, while allowing others to remain
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Acoustic Resonators
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Define aperiodic
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Aperiodic: a sound in which the vibration is random and displays no pattern
-all are complex: comprise more than one component frequency |
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Frequencies range most important for comprehension of speech?
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Frequencies most important for comprehension of speech: 100-5,000 Hz range
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What is a sine wave and why are they important?
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• they represent pure tones and are important for analysis of complex sounds. Pure tones are presented during an audio logical (hearing) evaluation
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This is the the number of times an object moves back and forth every second?
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Frequency
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What is a schwa?
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schwa: mid central lax vowel - created with no particular tongue shaping.
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We are most interested in formant ____ and ____?
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We are most interested in F1 and F2
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What do we call the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract?
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Formants
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Describe the resonant frequencies of a typical female
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Typical female:
F1 = 614 Hz, F2 = 1843 Hz, F3 = 3071 Hz |
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This is a bottle-shaped tube which results in a special low resonant frequency
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Helmholtz resonator
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Do front vowels have a high or low F2?
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Front vowels have a high F2 (ex: /i/ 2300 Hz)
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Spectrographically, diphthongs are characterized by changes in formants due to ....?
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changes in position of articulators
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Do high vowels have a low or high F1?
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low F1
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