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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the fundamental physical event associated with sound?
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Vibration
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What is measured by the number of cycles per second?
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Frequency
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Formula for frequency
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f=cycles/sec (Hz)
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What is the physical basis of sound?
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Perception
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What does sound amplitude determine?
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Loudness
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What is loudness determined by?
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Sound amplitude
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What does sound frequency determine?
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Pitch
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What is Pitch determined by?
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Sound frequency
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What is psychoacustics?
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Our perception of sound
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What is acustics?
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Physics of sound
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What is the perception of sound via the ear?
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Hearing
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What is the physical event requiring no sensory apparatus?
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Sound
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What two things does sound and propagation require?
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Mass and Elasticity
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What are two requirements the medium must have for sound propagation?
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Mass and Elasticity
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What is the study of an objects movement over time?
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Kinematics
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Formula for momentum?
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P=mv
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What is the ability of an object to return to its original shape after being deformed?
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Elasticity
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What does restoring force depend on?
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Stiffness of the object
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What is the displacement of elastic elements that store energy?
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Potential engery
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True or False: Potential energy can exist even when mass is not moving?
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True
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What does motion of a mass reflect?
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Kinetic Energy
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True or False: Kinetic energy (mass) must be moving?
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True
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What frequency does a freely oscillating object cycle?
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Natural or resonance
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What are the four primary quantitative parameters of Sine Waves?
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Period, Frequency, amplitude, phase
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What represents the feature of a sound that forms the basis of perceived pitch?
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Period and Frequency
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What is the magnitude or size of the vibration of a sine wave?
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Amplitude
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What is the basis for loudness perception?
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Amplitude
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What is Arms proportional to?
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Intensity of sound
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What feature of sound forms the basis for perceived sound location?
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Phase
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What does the decibel reflect?
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An intensity level relative to some reference value
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What is intensity of sound pressure proportional to?
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Square of RMS sound pressure
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What are two types of vibratory sounds?
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Transverse waves and Longitudinal waves
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What sound waves are perpendicular to the direction of propagation?
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Transverse
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What sound waves are parallel to the direction of wave propagation?
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Longitudinal
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What is the total opposition to motion?
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Impedance
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What is impedance?
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Total opposition to motion
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What are the two components of impedance?
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Resistance and Reactance
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What is the force required to overcome friction?
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Resistance
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Resistance is ______ related to ____ and ______ of ______
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proportionally related to velocity, independent of frequency
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What are the two parts of Reactance?
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Mass Reactance, Compliant Reactance
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What is the opposition to a change in momentum?
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Mass reactance
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What is the opposition to deformation?
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Mass Compliance
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Mass reactance is in phase with _____and _____ 90* to velocity.
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acceleration; advanced
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Compliance reactance is in phase with _____ and _____90* to velocity
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displacement;lags
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What is a space containing propagation sound?
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Sound Field
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What are three types of sound fields?
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Near-field, far-field, and diffuse-field
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What are the four things that can happen to a sound when it hits a boundary?
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Absorb, reflect, diffract, refreact
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What is the interaction and change in amplitude?
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interference
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What is constructive interference?
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Net increase in amplitude
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What is destructive amplitude?
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Net decrease in amplitude
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What is a standing wave?
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Two pure tones of the same frequency
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Why do standing waves produce stationary waves?
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Two pure tones are traveling at the same speed and frequency
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How do you prevent standing waves?
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Head Phones, use complex waves instead of pure tones
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What are two parameters for digital sampling?
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Sample rate and conversions amplitude resolution
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What is Nyquest Sampling Frequency?
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Two times the highest present in a signal
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What is Nyquest Frequency?
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The highest frequency detected by the sampler
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Two ways to prevent sample alising
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Eliminate frequencies grater than 1/2 the sample frequency and use equal of higher than the NSF
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what is used to provide stimulation of a wide region of the cochlea?
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Clicks
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What is required for an FFT?
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Time waveform, FFT routine
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What are filters designed to do?
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Modify the frequency content of signals
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What are the four types of filters?
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High-Pass, Low-pass, Band-pass, Band-reject
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What are the 5 parameters of a filter?
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upper cut off frequency, lower cut off frequency, bandwidth, center frequency, attenuation rate
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