Speech

Front 1

Four Functions of Rhetoric

Back 1

1) Upholding truth and justice
2) Teaching to an audience
3) Analyzing both sides of a question
4) Defending oneself

Front 2

Components of Persuasion

Back 2

Ethos - the credibility of the speaker
Logos - the logical dimension of the appeal
Pathos - the emotional dimensions of the appeal that can influence an audience's disposition towards the topic, speaker, or occasion

Front 3

Sociophobia

Back 3

the fear of soial situations and/or people

Front 4

Communication Apprehension

Back 4

the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others

Front 5

Anxiety Disorder

Back 5

abnormal mental outlook where individuals experience high levels of apprehension that keep them from living life

Front 6

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Back 6

believing that something will happen before it actually does, and then when it does come true reinforcing the original expectation

Front 7

Research Question

Back 7

the question about your topic you seek to answer

Front 8

Verbal Elements of Communication

Back 8

Pronunciation
Articulation
Dialect
Slang

Front 9

Pronunciation

Back 9

the accepted standard of how a word sounds when spoken

Front 10

Articulation

Back 10

physically producing the sound needed to convey the word

Front 11

Dialect

Back 11

aspects of articulation, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation that differ from Standard English

Front 12

Slang

Back 12

words derived from dialects that most people understand but do not use in professional writing or speaking

Front 13

Nonverbal Elements of Communication

Back 13

Vocalics: Tone, Volume, Rate, Vocalized Pauses
Kinesics: Facial Expressions, Gestures, Posture, Appearance

Front 14

Vocalics

Back 14

anything that contributes to the creation or maintenance of sound in a person's voice

Front 15

Kinesics

Back 15

nonverbal behaviors related to movement

Front 16

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Back 16

Repeat, Accent, Complement, Substitute, Regulate, Conflict

Front 17

Repeat

Back 17

when physical actions restate verbal messages

Front 18

Accent

Back 18

nonverbal behaviors that augment a verbal message

Front 19

Complement

Back 19

when the action demonstrates the message contained in the verbal content

Front 20

Substitute

Back 20

Physical actions that take the place of verbal messages

Front 21

Regulate

Back 21

Nonverbal actions that help govern the course of a speech or interaction

Front 22

Conflict

Back 22

Nonverbal cues that convey a message that contradicts the verbal statements of the speaker

Front 23

Tone

Back 23

The syllabic emphasis on a sound that expresses emotion or meaning

Front 24

Harmony

Back 24

when all parts and aspects of the presentation aid complement one another within the aid's framework

Front 25

Contrast

Back 25

how objects and letters stick out from the background

Front 26

Small Room

Back 26

intimate, more opportunities for interaction with audience, greater acoustics, move around, sit down, address specific people

Front 27

Large Room

Back 27

less intimacy, greater pressure, manuscript speeches, maintain variety in tone, pitch and volume

Front 28

Outdoor

Back 28

more distractions, weather

Front 29

Demographics

Back 29

information on selected population characteristics used by the government, market researchers, and speech writers

Front 30

Ambiguous

Back 30

language that does not have precise, concrete meanings

Front 31

Metaphor

Back 31

Comparisons that show how two things are alike in an important way, despite being quite different in most ways

Front 32

Thesis Statement

Back 32

the verbalized foundation of your entire speech in a single sentence which presents your topic, main points, and goal to the audience in an explicit and understandable way

Front 33

Attention-getter

Back 33

A brief story, quotation, or example that draws that audience into the speech.

Front 34

Clincher

Back 34

Connect the speech to the audience and wrap up the speech.

Front 35

Informative Speech

Back 35

provides information in as neutral an environment as possible, where the speaker and the audience typically seek to teach and learn

Front 36

Preparation Outlines

Back 36

detailed outlines that use full sentences next to symbols in an effort to help you organize the speech

Front 37

Speaking Outlines

Back 37

a truncated form of your full-sentence preparation outline that does not include complete sentences

Front 38

Eulogy

Back 38

A speech that pays tribute to the life of the deceased

Front 39

Question of Fact

Back 39

when a speaker seeks to persuade people about how to interpret facts

Front 40

Question of Value

Back 40

A persuasive speech about the rightness or wrongness of an idea, action, or issue

Front 41

Begging the Question Fallacy

Back 41

when a speaker presumes certain things are facts when they have not yet been proven to be truthful

Front 42

Non Sequitur Fallacy

Back 42

when you make an unwarranted move from one idea to the next

Front 43

Slippery Slope Fallacy

Back 43

a logical fallacy that assumes once an action begins it will lead, undeterred, to an eventual and inevitable conclusion

Front 44

Red Herring Fallacy

Back 44

When a speaker introduces an irrelevant issue or piece of evidence to divert attention from the subject of the speech

Front 45

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc Fallacy

Back 45

from the Latin for "after this, because of this; assumes that because one event happened after another, then the preceding event caused the event that followed

Front 46

Either or Fallacy

Back 46

an argument in which you present two options and declare that one of them must be corect while the other must be incorrect

Front 47

Insinuation

Back 47

a form of exordium reserved for cases made about disputed topics to audiences with animosity towards the topic or the speaker

Front 48

Delivery

Back 48

the fourth canon of rhetoric; the manner in which you physically and vocally present the speech

Front 49

Hecklers

Back 49

a self-aggandizing member of the audience who tries to distract from the speech by confronting the speaker in the middle of a presentation

Front 50

Accuracy

Back 50

the truthfulness or correctness of a source

Front 51

Bias

Back 51

presenting information in a way that unfairly influences someone's perception of something

Front 52

Vocalized Pauses

Back 52

utterances that are not words and have no place in a speech, but are done instead of pausing the delivery of the speech

Front 53

Graph

Back 53

a presentation device that indicates relationships found in numerical data

Front 54

Acoustics

Back 54

the way sound travels in a room

Front 55

Exit polls

Back 55

questions asked following an election that measure election results in terms of demographic categories

Front 56

Simile

Back 56

a comparison between two objects that allows each object in the comparison to retain its unique differences

Front 57

Hate Speech

Back 57

rude and crude speech that attacks or demeans a particular social or ethnic group, many times with the intent of inciting action against that group

Front 58

Transitions

Back 58

connective statement that signal you are finished with one point and moving on to another

Front 59

Signposts

Back 59

a connective that lets the audience know what is next; most effective form of connective for moving from the last main point to the conclusion