Speech 105 Midterm

Front 1

Argument Tool: Concession

Back 1

Concede your opponent's point in order to win what you want.

Front 2

Prolepsis

Back 2

A figure or thought that anticipates an opponent's or audience's objections

Front 3

Argument Tool: The Goal

Back 3

Ask yourself what you want at the end of the argument.

Front 4

Eristic

Back 4

Debating to win points.

Front 5

Syncrisis

Back 5

Reframes an argument by redefining it.

Front 6

Amplification

Back 6

Turn up the volume as you speak.

Front 7

Antithesis

Back 7

Opposing ideas

Front 8

Argumentum a fortiori

Back 8

Argument from strength; if it works in extreme cases, it will work in less extreme.

Front 9

Chiasmus

Back 9

Crisscross figure - "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country."

Front 10

Argument vs. Fight - Characteristics

Back 10

- get your way vs. win

- rules vs. no rules

- topic vs. no topic

Front 11

Cicero's 3 Goals for persuading people

Back 11

- Stimulate your audience's emotions (Mood)

- Change its opinion (Mind)

- Get it to act (Desire to act)

Front 12

Argument Tool: The Three Core Issues

Back 12

- Blame = Past

- Values = Present

- Choice = Future

Front 13

Examples of Blame

Back 13

- Who moved my cheese?

- Did O.J. do it?

Front 14

Examples of Values

Back 14

- Should abortion be legal?

- Should Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes have split up?

Front 15

Examples of Choice

Back 15

- Should we build a plant in Camden?

- Shall we dance?

Front 16

Demonstrative Rhetoric

Back 16

Present tense (Values) - Persuasion that deals with values that bring a group together; right vs. wrong.

Examples: sermons, political speeches

Front 17

Forensic Rhetoric

Back 17

Past tense (Blame) - Argument that determines guilt or innocence

Front 18

Deliberative Rhetoric

Back 18

Future tense (Choices) - Concerns itself with matters that affect the futures; "advantageous"

Examples: Whats best for the family, company, community, or country.

Front 19

Epideictic

Back 19

Greek word for demonstrative rhetoric

Front 20

Argument's Rule Number One

Back 20

Never debate the undebatable

Front 21

Aristotle's 3 Tools of Persuasion

Back 21

- Argument by logic

- Argument by character

- Argument by emotion

Front 22

Argument Tool: Logos

Back 22

Argument by logic

Front 23

Argument Tool: Pathos

Back 23

Argument by emotion

Front 24

Argument Tool: Ethos

Back 24

Argument by character; most important of all.

Front 25

Argument Tool: Sympathy

Back 25

Share your listeners' mood; used with pathos

Front 26

Argument Tool: Decorum

Back 26

Your audiences find you agreeable if you meet their expectations; simplest form of persuasion. (Ethos)

Example: "Do as I say and as I do."

Front 27

Phronesis

Back 27

Practical wisdom or craft; showing off experience, bending the rules, appearing to take the middle course

Front 28

Aporia

Back 28

Doubt or ignorance

Front 29

Dialysis

Back 29

The this-not-that figure.

Front 30

Argument Tool: The Perfect Audience

Back 30

Receptive, attentive, and well disposed toward you (Ethos)

Front 31

Virtue or Cause

Back 31

The audience believes you share their values. (Ethos)

Front 32

Practical Wisdom or Craft

Back 32

You appear to know the right thing to do on every occasion (Ethos)

Front 33

Disinterest

Back 33

Lack of bias, appear impartial; caring only about what the audience's interests rather than your own.

Front 34

Argument Tool: The Three Traits

Back 34

- Virtue

- Practical wisdom

- Disinterest

(Ethos)

Front 35

Argument Tool: Bragging

Back 35

Use it only if your audience appreciates boastful hyperbole in the mode of Muhammad Ali. (Ethos)

Front 36

Argument Tool: Character Reference

Back 36

Get other to do your bragging for you (Ethos)

Front 37

Argument Tool: Tactical Flaw

Back 37

Reveal a weakness that wins sympathy or shows the sacrifice you have made for the cause. (Ethos)

Front 38

Argument Tool: Opinion Switch

Back 38

When an argument is doomed to go against you, heartily support the other side. (Ethos)

Front 39

Argument Tool: The Eddie Haskell

Back 39

Make an inevitable decision against you look like a willing sacrifice on your part. (Ethos)

Front 40

Argument Tool: Practical Wisdom

Back 40

The audience thinks you know your craft, and can solve the problem at hand.

Front 41

Tools for Enhancing your Practical Wisdom:

Back 41

- Show off your experience

- Bend the Rules

- Seem to take the middle course

Front 42

Hypophora

Back 42

A figure that asks a rhetorical question and then immediately answers it; Allows you to anticipate the audience's skepticism and nip it in the bud.

Front 43

Argument Tool: Reluctant Conclusion

Back 43

Act as though you felt compelled to reach your conclusion, despite your own desires.

Front 44

Argument Tool: Personal Sacrifice

Back 44

Act as if the choice you advocate hurts you personally.

Front 45

The Best Trick of All:

Back 45

Make it seem like you have no tricks

Front 46

Argument Tool: Dubitatio

Back 46

Don't look tricky, seem to be in doubt about what to say.