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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Impairment
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The presence of a condition that results in psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
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Disability
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the loss of ability due to an impairment
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Handicap
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Impairment or disability that is a disadvantage for that individual and limits or restricts the individual.
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Teratogen
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outside cause such as infections, drugs, chemicals
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People 1st Language
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avoid negative terms, avoid spread
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Etiologies of physical & health disabilities
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Chromosomal & genetic defects-Muscular Dystrophy, Sickle Cell Anemia, Hemophilia, Syndromes
Congenital Abnormalities- Neural tube defects (Spina Bifida), limb anomalies Teratogenic Causes-Infections (AIDS, STORCH-syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes), substance abuse, (FAS) prescription meds, maternal illness & injury (falls, car accidents), environmental toxins. Ex (thalidomide (morning sickness) caused limb deficiencies) Prematurity-Causes: high altitude, poor nutrition, poor obstetric care, placental problems, blood pressure problems Acquired Causes: Trauma (includes child abuse, shaken infant syndrome), infections, environmental toxins, disease Pregnancy Complications: ex: breech delivery (feet first--SCI) |
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IDEA Categories
Orthopedic Impairment |
Severe physical impairment that ADVERSELY affects educational performance
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IDEA
Other Health Impairments |
limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems. EX: heart condition, asthma, hemophilia, leukemia that ADVERSELY affect educational performance.
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IDEA
Traumatic Brain Injury |
acquired brain injury caused by external physical force resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment or both ADVERSELY affecting educational performance
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IDEA
Multiple Disabilities |
combination of impairments (both so significant that they require equal services in school because they ADVERSELY affect school performance. Combination of impairments (such as mental retardation-blindness, or mental retardation-physical disabilities) that causes such severe educational problems that the child cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness
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CNS
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Brain + Spinal Cord + Nerves
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Movement
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brain sends electrical signal down spinal cord to nerves to muscle fibers
-muscle fibers shorten -force of muscle fibers movement is the force of muscles acting on the jointed structures of the skeleton. |
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3 types of joints
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Hinge (elbow & knee)
Pivot (wrist & ankle) Ball & Socket (hip & shoulder) |
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Muscle Tone
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spinal cord exerts continuous stimulation on all muscles to maintain level of tension. Decreases during sleep.
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Reflexes & Reactions
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flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation
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Flexion
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bending
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extension
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straightening
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abduction
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away from midline
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aduction
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toward midline
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rotation
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internal & external
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Primitive Reflexes- programmed responses to external stimuli birth to 6 months
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Rooting, Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, moro, plantar grasp, startle, swimming
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Postural reactions- higher level reactions replacing primitive as CNS matures.
-Help regulate control against gravity |
Righting, protective, equilibrium
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Tone
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spinal cord exerts continuous stimulation on all muscles to maintain level of tension. Decreases during sleep.
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Hypertonia (spasticity)
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Higher tone
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Hypotonia
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lower tone (down syndrome)
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ataxia
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interference in timing of muscle contractions- uncoordinated movements, jerky, tremors
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Athetosis
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fluctuating muscle tone – imprecise & uncontrolled movements... writhing
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