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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what 3 specimen types have to be given special care when transporting/processing?
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1. Swabs
2. Urines 3. Stools -ASAP, in a biohazard ziploc bag. |
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What three types of media are used for culturing?
What are most common of each? |
1. Enriched - BA, CA
2. Selective - CNA, Enterics, MTM, Campy BA, SXT. 3. Fungal - SABDEX |
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To hold specimens, which should
-Refrigerate -Room temp |
-Refrigerate URINE to prevent falsely elev. colony counts.
-Hold others at R.T. in case of fastidious pathogens. |
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State incubation conditions for:
-CA, BA -CNA, Enterics -MTM -SXT -Campy BA -Sabdex |
CA/BA: CO2, 37, 24-48 hrs
CNA/Ent: just 37; 24 hrs MTM: CO2, 37, 72 hrs SXT: CO2, 37, 48 hrs Campy BA: 42, microaerophilic. Sabdex: 30, up to 4 wks, normal atmosphere. |
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How many different culture types do we consider? What are they?
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1-Urinary
2-Reproductive tract 3-Cardiovascular 4-CNS 5-Skin/wound 6-Tissues/body fluids/bone 7-Eyes, ears, nose 8-GI tract 9-Respiratory tract |
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What are the 2 usual defense mechanisms of the urinary tract?
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1. Urethral sphincter keeping the system closed.
2. Downwrd urine flow |
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What is the most common type of lower UTI?
What usually causes it? |
Bladder infection (cystitis).
-Occurs when fecal material ascends from the perineum to the urethra/bladder. |
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What commonly causes cystitis in
-Males -Females Who is it more common in? |
M: secondary to prostate enlarg.
F: shorter urethra More common in women |
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What kind of UTI can occur other than the usual cystitis?
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UPPER - but it's rare.
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What is an upper UTI called?
What causes it? |
Pyelonephritis (kidney inf)
Causes: ascending infection from a normal UTI, or spread through bloodstream from a primary infection elsewhere. |
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What are 3 urine specimen collection methods? Which is most common or rare?
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1. Midstream clean catch - very common
2. Catheterized 3. Bladder - very rare |
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What are the components of a collection kit for micro urine?
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1. Sterile container
2. Antiseptic towelettes 3. Directions - how to wipe to clean, void the first portion of urine into toilet, catch several mls midway through. |
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what would you do a bladder urine for?
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anaerobic organisms.
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what is the method for doing a catheterized urine colletion?
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-Push catheter into bladder
-Kink tube; urine collects. -Open portal w/ eedle; aspirate.. |
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what is the clinical interpretation of urine culture based on?
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the colony count!
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what is evidence of infection?
Suggestive? skin contamination? |
100,000 col/ml
10,000 to 100,000 Skin is <1000, unless patient is pyuric. |
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How is a primary urine culture set up?
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-one enteric plate
-one blood agar |
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What are 3 types of urine rapid screens?
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1. Dipstick for leukocytes and nitrite.
2. Direct gram stain 3. Automation |
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how do you do a urine gram stain?
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put a 1/100 calibrated loopful on the slide, gram stain.
Look on oil for 1 or more bact. cells/field - very hard! |
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what are the 7 normal flora at the outer urethra?
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Coag neg staphs
Diphtheroids Lactobacillus S. viridans group Saprophytic neisserias Commensal mycobacterias Anaerobes |
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What are common upper UTI pathogens? (normal plus 4)
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Things ascended from bladder, &
-M. tuberculosis -S. aureus -Salmonella -Leptospira |
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what are 6 common lower UTI pathogens?
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1. E. coli
2. Enterobacteriaceae 3. S. saprophyticus 4. Enterococcus 5. Ps. aeruginosa 6. Yeasts |
