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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 kinds of CM
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dilated
hypertrophic restrictive |
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___ is the most common CM, comprising ___% of CM
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dilated
90 |
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incidence of CM in USA is ___%
incidence of DCM in USA is ___% incidence of HCM in USA is ___% worldwide incidence of RCM is ___% |
1.2
1 .2 .1 |
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in DCM, ___ is impaired and ___ chambers are dilated. EF is ___. the purpose of dilation is ___
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systole
all low increase preload to facilitate systole |
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to diagnose DCM you must exclude ___ (5) causes for dilation
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hypertension
valvular ischemic inflammatory congenital malformation |
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degeneration in DCM can be ___ (5)
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fibrinoid
myxoid hydropic hyaline fatty |
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in DCM, heart mass often exceeds ___g. the morphological change present is ___
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500
apical rounding |
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T/F: in DCM myocardium is always thinner than normal
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false: can be normal or thicker
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T/F: hypertrophy, degeneration and fibrosis are nonspecific changes
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true
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most cases of DCM are ___. ___% are due to ___ (3) inherited traits
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idiopathic
20-30 AD XLR mitochondrial |
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DCM can be caused by ___ or ___ viruses. usually the viral infections causing DCM are ___
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coxsackie B
other entero indolent |
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DCM can be caused by ___ (2) toxins or deficiency of ___
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alcohol
chemotherapy thiamine |
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although histological changes in DCM are not specific, biopsy is helpful to ___
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exclude myocarditis
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___% of DCM patients survive 5 years
___% die within 2 years of ___ |
25
50 CHF |
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in HCM the problem is ___ and hypertrophy is characteristically in ___ but can be in ___
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in diastole
IV septum whole heart |
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IV septal hypertrophy causes ___ in ___ of cases
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ventricular outflow obstruction
1/3 |
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muscular bundles in HCM are ___ and there is proliferation of ___. the latter causes ___
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disorganized
media and intima of coronary arteries ischemia |
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___% of HCM is genetic, caused by ___ trait. the most comon genes mutated are ___ (3)
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50-70
AD beta myosin heavy chain myosin binding protein C troponin T |
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most deaths from HCM are due to ___. some are due to ___ (2)
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sudden death after physical activity
IE MI |
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in cases of ___, surgery is required
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severe subaortic obstruction
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in contrast to DCM, ___ because ___
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biopsy is not helpful
myocyte disarray is deep in septum |
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RCM causes a problem in ___ due to ___ (2). causes are ___ (2)
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diastole
loss of ventricular compliance reduced diastolic relaxation idiopathic secondary to systemic disease |
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3 forms of idiopathic RCM
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plain idiopathic RCM
tropic endomyocardial fibrosis RCM due to loeffler's endomyocarditis |
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in plain idiopathic RCM, damage is ___
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interstitial myocardial fibrosis
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tropic endomyocardial fibrosis is present in ___ in ___ people. the damage is ___ after ___
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africa
young fibrosis of ventricular endocardium organization of mural thrombus |
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loeffler's endomyocarditis is characterized by ___ after ___. like tropic endomyocardial fibrosis, ___.
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non-parasitic hypereosinophilia
endomyocardial necrosis it follows organization of mural thrombus |
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systemic diseases causing secondary RCM (5)
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radiation fibrosis
amyloidosis (transthyretin) Fe overload storage diseases Ca metastasis or leukemia |
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RCM causes (4)
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arrhythmia
sudden death thromboembolism CHF |
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biopsy is ___ useful for RCM
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yes
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