Speciation, Reproductive Isolation, Gene Flow, And Genetic Drift

Front 1

Who invented the glass lens?

Back 1

Dutch

Front 2

Wee Beasties was written by whom?

Back 2

Leeuwenhok

Front 3

When was Wee Beasties written?

Back 3

over 300 years ago.

Front 4

What characteristics do euglena have?

Back 4

Animal like behavior, but with the presence of chlorophyll, belong to the kingdom protista

Front 5

pseudopods mean

Back 5

false feet

Front 6

what do paramecium move with?

Back 6

cillium

Front 7

ciliates mean

Back 7

possess cilium

Front 8

How do ciliates move?

Back 8

coordinated power of cillium + limp strokes in waves

Front 9

How should the genus be formatted?

Back 9

underlined or italicized and capitalized.

Front 10

monogamous

Back 10

mate for life

Hint 10

e.g. emperor penguin

Front 11

Kingdom Animalia is comprised of

Back 11

multicellular aimas, protozoa

Front 12

Kingdom Plantae is composed of

Back 12

multicellular plants

Hint 12

e.g. algae, fungi, bacteria

Front 13

Whitaker’s 5 kingdom system from the 1960s classes into which 5 kingdoms?

Back 13

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Front 14

Kingdom Monera

Back 14

made up of prokaryotae, bacteria

Front 15

Kingdom Protista

Back 15

algae and protozoa

Front 16

How to deal with the huge variety of extinct and external species?

Back 16

systematics

Front 17

systematics

Back 17

the scientific study of the diversification of living forms spectors and their protozygotic relations

Front 18

taxonomy

Back 18

the scientific study of the principles of classification

Front 19

classification

Back 19

the arranging of (taxa/taxon) species into various groups termed levels of organzation

Front 20

nomenclature

Back 20

naming taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive

Front 21

binomen/binomial nomenclature

Back 21

genus and particular epithet

Front 22

Who came up with binomial nomenclature?

Back 22

Carol von Linne/Carolus Linnaeus

Front 23

Carl von Linne

Back 23

swedish biologist who was the first to use consistently the binomial nomenclature for names of species.

Front 24

Author of Systema Naturae in 1758

Back 24

Carl von Linne/Carolus Linnaeus

Front 25

Author of Species Plantarum

Back 25

Carl von Linne/Carolus Linnaeus

Front 26

what do you capitalize / italicize/ underline when writing a genus and species epithet?

Back 26

genus and species epithet are underlined or italicized. Genus is capitalized, excluding the species epithet. e.g. Homo sapiens,

Front 27

Sciurus Carolinensis

Back 27

Grey Squirrel

Front 28

Canis latrons

Back 28

Coyote

Front 29

Canis lupus

Back 29

Wolf

Front 30

Canis rufus

Back 30

Red Wolf

Front 31

Homo erectus

Back 31

Upright Man (primate)

Front 32

Learning

Back 32

method of behavior based on experience

Front 33

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Back 33

p2 + 2pq + q2= 1.0

Front 34

Hardy said the gene frequency (genotypes and allele frequency) would remain the same as long as____,____,____,____.

Back 34

the population is large, there is no mutation, no enmigration, and no inmigration.

Front 35

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is true unless

Back 35

there is evolution

Front 36

systematically reduced genetic (organismic) biological evolution

Back 36

is a change in gene (or allele) genotype freqeuencies in a population over generations

Front 37

organic revolution

Back 37

change in the frequency of inherited trait in a population over generations.

Front 38

three broad levels of organic evolution

Back 38

microevolution, speciation, macroevolution

Front 39

microevolution

Back 39

change in allele frequencies or chromosome segment frequencies or chromosome number frequencies in a population over generations

Hint 39

e.g. mosquito population more resistant to DDT

Front 40

speciation

Back 40

formation of a new species.

Front 41

In animal species, (at least) speciation most commonly occurs by

Back 41

allopatric speciation.

Front 42

allopatric populations

Back 42

have non overlapping geographic areas

Front 43

sympatric populations

Back 43

have overlapping geographic ranges

Hint 43

e.g. all of the trees at B.I.L Hill

Front 44

peripatric populations

Back 44

have barely overlapping geographic ranges.

Front 45

How does allopatric speciation begin?

Back 45

when some member(s) of a population becoming geographically separated from the rest of the population. i.e., dispersal and colonization as a founder event, or formation of a geographic barrier through a population becoming geographically separated from the rest of the group.

Front 46

sympatric speciation

Back 46

new species is produced without geographic separation, and populations become ecologically separated in some general geographic area.

Front 47

what are two types of mechanisms of reproductive isolation?

Back 47

pre-zygotic and post zygotic

Front 48

what does it mean when species are reproductively isolated?

Back 48

a collection of mechanisms, behaviors, and physiological processes that prevent two different species that mate from producing offspring, or which ensure that any offspring produced is not fertile

Hint 48

members of the different species do not normally mate and produce viable offspring.

Front 49

viable

Back 49

fertile

Front 50

what results in reproductive isolation?

Back 50

speciation can occur if the gene frequency changes in populations over generations.

Front 51

polyploidy

Back 51

changes in the number of chromosome sets.

Front 52

Charles Darwin’s birthday

Back 52

19 February, 1809

Front 53

prezygotic-mechanisms

Back 53

mechanisms that block reproduction from taking place by preventing fertilization

Hint 53

e.g.,Ecological isolation, Mechanical isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, gametic isolation

Front 54

Ecological isolation

Back 54

members of different populations are reproductively isolated because they live in different habitats in the same area.

Hint 54

e.g., copepod, ectoparasites of flatfish

_Lepeophtheirus thompsoni_ on turbot

_L. europaeus_ on brill

Front 55

Mechanical isolation

Back 55

members of different populations are reproductively isolated because of incompatible reproductive structures

Hint 55

e.g., millipedes

e.g., monkey flowers (genus mimulus)

Front 56

Temporal isolation

Back 56

members of different populations are reproductively isolated because reproductive times differ

Hint 56

e.g., Gryllus pennsylvanicus fall field cricket

e.g. G. Voletis spring field cricket

Front 57

Behavioral isolation

Back 57

members of different populations are reproductively isolated because of different reproduction/courtship rituals

Hint 57

e.g., white-throated sparrow

e.g., white-crowned sparrow by singing

e.g., blue-footed boobies have to kick stomp and flaunt their feet.

Front 58

Gametic isolation

Back 58

members of different populations are reproductively isolated because of incompatible sperm cells/ egg cells

Hint 58

e.g. sea urchins

e.g. sorghum

Front 59

Post-zygotic mechanisms

Back 59

a mechanism that blocks reproduction after fertilization and zygote formation

Hint 59

i.e., hybrid inviability (mortality)/hybrid sterility

Front 60

hybrid inviability (mortality)

Back 60

a situation in which a mating between two individuals creates a hybrid that does not survive past the embryonic stage

Hint 60

e.g., North American Mink

e.g., European Mink

e.g., sorghum

Front 61

hybrid sterility

Back 61

members of different populations are reproductively isolated because hybrid offspring of fertile individuals is inviable.

Hint 61

e.g., male/hinny

(mares jack 64) (hinny*stallion 62)=63 chromosomes