Speciation

Front 1

Average Heterozygosity

Back 1

The presence of different alleles at one or more loci on homologous chromosomes.

Front 2

Geographic Variation

Back 2

any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.

Front 3

Cline

Back 3

relationship between location and the frequencies of alleles

Front 4

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Back 4

genotype and gene frequencies of a large, randomly mating population remain constant provided immigration, mutation, and selection do not take place.

Front 5

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Back 5

Describes a non- evolving pop. (has genetic equilibrium)

Front 6

Genetic Drift

Back 6

Random variation in gene frequency from one generation to another

Front 7

Founder Effect

Back 7

the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

Front 8

Bottleneck effect

Back 8

Drift that occurs when pop. size declines due to disaster. Surviving pop. doesn’t represent genetics of original pop.

Front 9

Gene Flow

Back 9

any movement of genes from one population to another

Front 10

Speciation

Back 10

New species arise

Front 11

Biological Species Concept

Back 11

defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature

Front 12

Reproductive isolation

Back 12

prevent the members of two different species that cross or mate from producing offspring

Front 13

Hybrids

Back 13

Offspring of 2 diff species

Front 14

Prezygotic Barriers

Back 14

Prevents 2 species from having offspring

Front 15

Postzygotic Barriers

Back 15

Prevents hybrids from having offspring

Front 16

Allopatric Speciation

Back 16

Speciation that occurs because of geographic isolation

Front 17

Polyploidy

Back 17

when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

Front 18

Autopolyploidy

Back 18

polyploids with multiple chromosome sets derived from a single species

Front 19

Alloploidy

Back 19

two or more sets of chromosomes derived from two different species

Front 20

Hybrid zone

Back 20

A region where members of different species meet and mate.

Front 21

Homologous Structures

Back 21

any characteristic of organisms that is derived from a common ancestor

Front 22

Vestigial Structures

Back 22

homologous characters of organisms that have lost all or most of their function

Front 23

Analogous

Back 23

Same function, different bone structure