Specialities 1 - Greenfield, Structure And Fxn; Kek

Front 1

name the components of the skin.

Back 1

Epidermis, Dermis, Skin appendages, and SubQ fat

Front 2

The epidermis is made up of 4-5 layers. name them from inferior to superior and identify the layer that is variable.

Back 2

stratum basalis, s. spinosum, s. granulosum, (s. lucidum - only in thick skin like feet and hands), s. corneum.

Front 3

the stratum basalis cells proliferate and move up toward the external world. what are the cells called after they leave the basal layer.

Back 3

they go from basal cells to keratinocytes.

Front 4

name a disease where the basal layer is overproliferative.

Back 4

psoriasis

Front 5

how long does it take a cell to go from the basal layer to the corneum and be shed?

Back 5

approximately one month (faster in psoriasis)

Front 6

Name the cell that lies in the epidermis and protects our nuclear DNA from the sun's harmful rays.

Back 6

melanocytes

Front 7

how many melanocytes are there compared to keratinocytes?

Back 7

there is 1 melanocyte per 12 keratinocytes.

Front 8

this specialized epidermal cells protects us by being an antigen presenting cell.

Back 8

Langerhan cell

Front 9

The basement membrane (dermal-epidermal junction) is made up of what?

Back 9

lamina lucida, basal lamina, and anchoring fibers.

Front 10

this specialized cell lies in the basal layer of the epidermis and is responsible for touch and proprioception.

Back 10

merkel cell

Front 11

this autoimmune disease is characterized by creating IgG antibodies to the hemidesmosomes of the basement membrane and causes blistering disease.

Back 11

Bullous pemphigoid

Front 12

This layer of skin contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine), sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and nails.

Back 12

dermis

Front 13

What makes up the matrix of the dermis?

Back 13

collagen, elastic fibers, and ground substance.

Front 14

What are eccrine and apocrine sweat glands responsible for?

Back 14

eccrine help regulate the body's temperature and Apocrine have no physiologic function but do mix with bacteria and cause body odor.

Front 15

this primary skin lesion is a flat area of discoloration that is <1cm.

Back 15

macule (example: freckles)

Front 16

this primary skin lesion is a macule that is >1cm.

Back 16

patch (solar lentigo - "liver spots" see on elderly people)

Front 17

this primary skin lesion is raised, not fluid filled, and <1cm.

Back 17

papule (exampl: acne vulgaris)

Front 18

this primary skin lesion is flattend, elevated area on the epidermis, is >1cm.

Back 18

plaque (ex. psoriasis)

Front 19

this primary skin lesion is raised, fluid-filled (pus filled).

Back 19

pustule (impetigo or sebacous cysts) fluid may be due to bacteria or be sterile

Front 20

this primary skin lesion is rasied, fluid-filled and <1cm and filled with serous exudate.

Back 20

vesicle

Front 21

this primary skin lesion is a vesicle that is >1cm and may be due to a burn or an autoimmune disorder to the basement membrane (hemidesmosomes).

Back 21

bullae (bullous pemphigoid)

Front 22

this primary skin lesion is a red edematous papule or plaque with irregular borders. what test is done to confirm it.

Back 22

wheal (ex. urticaria - test: get a positive dermatographic test - rub a tongue blade on the patient and it will leave a wheal)

Front 23

this primary skin lesion is circumscribed, partly raised solid like a papule, but the raised portion is made of dermis. they are <1cm and may be soft.

Back 23

nodule (ex. basal cell carcinoma)

Front 24

this primary skin lesion is a nodule that is >1cm.

Back 24

tumor (ex. squamous cell carcinoma)

Front 25

this secondary skin lesion is a red plaque that is superimposed with stratum corneum that shouldn't be there.

Back 25

SCALE (ex: psoriasis - hyperactive epidermis - found commonly on knees and elbows)

Front 26

this secondary skin lesion consists of dried heme and exudates on a lesion. scratch -> bleed -> dries -> ____.

Back 26

CRUST (ex: scab)

Front 27

this secondary skin lesion is a circumscribed loss of epidermis (goes all the way to the dermis and may go deeper).

Back 27

ulceration

Front 28

this secondary skin lesion is a circumscribed loss of epidermis (more shallow than an ulcer).

Back 28

erosion

Front 29

this secondary skin lesion is a circumscribed linear erosion or linear ulcer.

Back 29

fissure (angular cheilitis - seen in people with no teeth - cracks/fissures in the sides of mouth/lips)

Front 30

this secondary skin lesion is a circumscribed thinning of the skin.

Back 30

atrophy (ex. striae; skin may look hypopigmented or red)

Front 31

this secondary skin lesion is a hypertrophic area of the skin, thickening.

Back 31

scar (ex. keloid)

Front 32

name the term that describes skin that has been chronically scratched. it is irreversible.

Back 32

lichenification

Front 33

this specialized skin lesion is a self-induced erosion or ulceration.

Back 33

excoriation (lesch-nyhan syndrome - people scratch their faces off)

Front 34

this specialized skin lesion is the primary lesion in acne vulgaris and is where sebum is left in the pore because it is plugged up.

Back 34

open comedo (black head)

Front 35

this specialized skin lesion is also seen in acne but there are no dilated follicles. they are white or skin colored.

Back 35

Closed comedos

Front 36

this specialized skin lesion are small inclusion cysts in the skin; aka. white cystic papules; there is a genetic predisposition.

Back 36

milia (part of path of porphyria cutanea tarda)

Front 37

this specialized skin lesion is a freely movable nodule or tumor.

Back 37

cysts (hallmark sign=dilated orifice on surface = epidermoid or sebaceous cysts)

Front 38

This is a name for rock hard lesion that you have to palpate to identify.

Back 38

induration (peyronie's dz of the penis had areas of induration)

Front 39

Scabes (a microscopic mite) do this to the skin (more commonly finger-webs).

Back 39

burrow

Front 40

this is a blanching macule or patch. it is composed of open blood vessels.

Back 40

telangiectasia

Front 41

this circumferential NON-blanchable macule or patch is <1cm and is composed of extravasated blood that stains the skin red.

Back 41

petechiae

Front 42

this type of petechiae may be flat or papable, is >1cm, and may be due to low platelet count, vasculitis, trauma).

Back 42

purpura

Front 43

this is the name for larger purpura. very common in trauma.

Back 43

ecchymosis (bruise)

Front 44

name the term that means when you scratch it, the lesion will travel to where ever you scratch.

Back 44

koebnerization

Front 45

Name the 5 different configurations of skin lesions.

Back 45

1)linear (ex. cutaneous larval migrans and striae), 2)annular, 3)Iris or Target (ex. erythema multiforme); 4)Grouped (ex. herpes); 5)Dermatomal - Zoster/shingles