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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NSW operations support a variety of unique mission areas including, but not limited to:
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Special Reconnaissance, Foreign Internal Defense, Coalition Support, Direct Action
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Achieving well-coordinated communication among team members requires:
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A proper communication structure and appropriate outfitting.
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NSW structure consists of:
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SEAL Platoons
SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) Team Special Boat Team (SBT) Mobile Communications Detachment (MCD) |
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The basic communication structure for platoons, SDV Teams, and SBT units include:
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VHF, UHF, TACSAT, DAMA Manpack / VHF, UHF Combat Search & Rescue (CSAR) transceiver / Special Mission Radio System / HF & VHF Manpack or vehicular mounted radio set / VHF, UHF, SINCGARS, HAVEQUICK 1 & 2 Hand Held Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio (MBITR) / GPS, Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver / Ruggedized laptop / Personal Data Controller (PDC) Card
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The basic communication capabilities of a MCD include:
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VHF, UHF, SATCOM, DAMA Manpack / HF & VHF Manpack or amplified rack-mounted radio set / SHF T-1 Capable Tri-Band (C, S, Ku)
SHF, ISDN capability with secure and non-secure voice EHF Man portable system Unclassified and classified weather information, map imagery, intelligence data, UAV video, cable news, and web sites / VHF, UHF, SINCGARS, HAVEQUICK 1 & 2 Hand Held Multiband Radio |
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The primary components of a radio set are:
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transmitter, receiver, and an antenna for radiation and reception of radio waves.
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The transmitter contains
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an oscillator, keying device, modulator, and radio frequency (RF) amplifier.
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The receiver contains
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an RF amplifier, detector/demodulator, audio frequency (AF) amplifier, and headset, handset, or loudspeaker.
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What is an antenna?
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a series of wires or rods used to convert RF energy into electromagnetic energy at the transmitter and electromagnetic energy back to RF energy at the receiver.
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What are some typical power supplies for radio transmitters?
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Batteries / A generator / An alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) power source
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What does the oscillator do?
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generates a carrier wave in the form of RF energy
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What is a Keying device?
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used to input a voice or data signal into the transmitter / The most basic keying device is a telegraph key /
A handset, or push-to-talk microphone, is another example of a keying device |
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What is a modulator?
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imprints the voice or data signal onto the carrier wave
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What does the radio frequency amplifier do?
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amplifies the RF for transmission by the antenna
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What does the Antenna do?
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converts the RF energy into electromagnetic energy that is radiated into space
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What does the detector/demodulator do?
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removes the voice or data from the RF carrier. / It recovers the intelligence from the carrier and makes it available for amplification
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What does the Audio Frequency Amplifier do?
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amplifies the audio signal recovered by the detector/demodulator for reproduction in a speaker or headset
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What is Modulation?
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the process of superimposing intelligence (voice or data) on the carrier
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What are the 2 basic types of RF modulation?
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Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM)
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What is Amplitude Modulation?
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AM is defined as the encoding of a carrier wave by variation of its amplitude in accordance with an input signal. This is done by varying the RF power output of a transmitter at an audio rate
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What is a sideband?
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Audio Freq+Radio Freq
It creates upper and lower sidbands |
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Upper sideband
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the sum of the RF and AF signals is called the upper sideband (USB)
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Lower Sideband
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the difference between the RF and AF signals is called the lower sideband (LSB)
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Can information be carried with only one sideband?
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Yes. identical info is carried on both sidebands so one of the sidebands and the carrier can be eliminated
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Can the Transmitter and the reciever use different sidebands?
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No. Both transmitter and reciever must use either the USB or the LSB
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What is single sideband (SSB)?
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The transmission of only one sideband either USB or LSB
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What advantages does SSB have?
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A SSB leaves open that portion of the RF spectrum normally occupied by the other sideband and the carrier. This allows more emitters to be used within a given frequency range
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What sideband is most commonly used?
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Unless otherwise directed, the joint military uses USB.
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What is Frequency Modulation?
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FM is defined as the encoding of a carrier wave by variation of its frequency in accordance with an input signal. This is done by varying the frequency (rather than the amplitude) of the carrier signal in accordance with the variations of the modulating signals.
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What is FM is generally used by?
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radiotelephone transmitters operating in the VHF and higher frequency bands.
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What is the equipment name of the VHF, UHF, TACSAT, DAMA Manpack?
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MBMMR (AN/PSC-5D) UHF/VHF Manpack
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MBMMR (AN/PSC-5D) UHF/VHF Manpack
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The Multiband Multimission Radio (MBMMR), AN/PSC-5D enhanced manpack, is a lightweight line-of-sight and tactical voice satellite communications terminal that will serve as a primary command-and-control single-channel radio.
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What is the freq range for the MBMMR (AN/PSC-5D) UHF/VHF Manpack?
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The frequency range is user selectable from 30 - 512 MHz.
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What are the modes of operation for the MBMMR (AN/PSC-5D) UHF/VHF Manpack?
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There are six Modes of Operation:
LOS Maritime HQI/II SINCGARS SATCOM DAMA Beacon Scan |
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How many modes of opeartion are there on the MBMMR (AN/PSC-5D) UHF/VHF Manpack?
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Six
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What is the RF power output of the MBMMR (AN/PSC-5D) UHF/VHF Manpack?
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RF Power Output is selectable up to:
LOS (AM) 10 Watts LOS (FM) 30-40 MHz, 20 Watts LOS (FM) 400-512 MHz, 10 Watts SATCOM 20 Watts |
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What is the equipment name for the VHF, UHF Combat Search & Rescue (CSAR)
transceiver? |
AN/PRQ-7 Combat Survivor Evader Locator (CSEL)
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What is the freq range on the AN/PRQ-7 Combat Survivor Evader Locator (CSEL)?
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Multi-Function -- Voice/Secure Data
6 programmable UHF Voice, SATCOM 4 fixed LOS UHF frequencies 1 SARSAT unsecured data frequency 23 canned messages, 8 Navy, 1 Custom |
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What are the modes of operation on the AN/PRQ-7 Combat Survivor Evader Locator (CSEL)?
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Multi-Band/Broadband -- VHF/UHF
Military GPS, Anti-spoofing Module |
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What is the equipment name for the Special Mission Radio System?
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AN/PRC-137F Special Mission Radio System (SMRS)
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What is the freq range on the AN/PRC-137F Special Mission Radio System (SMRS)?
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The frequency range is 1.6 MHz - 59.9999 MHz HF & VHF.
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What are the modes of operation for the AN/PRC-137F Special Mission Radio System (SMRS)?
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The Modes of Operation include:
FIX ALE ADVANCED ALE |
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What are the channels and modulation for the AN/PRC-137F Special Mission Radio System (SMRS)?
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It has 100 programmable channels with the following modulation:
USB LSB AME CW FM |
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What is the Equipment name for the HF & VHF Manpack or vehicular mounted radio set?
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AN/PRC-150(C) Manpack
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What is the freq range for the AN/PRC-150(C) Manpack?
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The frequency range is 1.6 MHz to 59.9999 MHz.
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What are the modes of operation for the AN/PRC-150(C) Manpack?
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The Modes of Operation include:
FIX ALE HOP 3G |
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What are the channels and modulation for the AN/PRC-150(C) Manpack?
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It has 200 programmable channels with the following modulation:
USB LSB AME CW FM |
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What is the power output for the AN/PRC-150(C) Manpack?
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Power output is:
1, 5, 20 Watts HF 1, 5, 10 Watts FM |
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What is the equipment name for the VHF, UHF, SINCGARS, HAVEQUICK 1 & 2 Hand Held Multiband Inter/Intra
Team Radio (MBITR)? |
MBITR (AN/PRC-148(V)(C)
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What is the freq range for the MBITR (AN/PRC-148(V)(C)?
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The frequency range is 30 to 512 MHz.
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What are the modes of operation for MBITR (AN/PRC-148(V)(C)?
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The Modes of Operation include:
SINGCARS HAVEQUICK I & II BASIC ANDVT |
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What are the channels and modulation for the MBITR (AN/PRC-148(V)(C)?
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It has AM and FM modulation and 160 channels (100 pre-set).
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What is the power output for the MBITR (AN/PRC-148(V)(C)?
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Power output is selectable from 0.1 - 5 Watts.
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What is the equipment name for the Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR)?
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AN/PSN-13A Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR)
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What does the AN/PSN-13A Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR) do?
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The AN/PSN-13A is a lightweight, hand-held, dual frequency (L1/L2), Selective Availability
Anti-Spoofing Module (SAASM) based, Precise Positioning Service (PPS) receiver. The primary operational mission of the DAGR is to provide Precise Positioning Service support to missions that involve land-based war fighting operations. These include ground personnel, indirect fire weapon systems, and armored vehicles. The DAGR can also be used as a secondary or supplemental aid to aviation-based missions which involve operations in low-dynamic aircraft, such as helicopters, and as an aid to navigation in water-borne operations such as for combat swimmers, submarines, and watercraft. |
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What is the equipment name for the Personal Data Controller (PDC) Card?
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VDC-600 Personal Data Controller (PDC) Card
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What does the VDC-600 Personal Data Controller (PDC) Card do?
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The VDC 600 PDC Card is a type II PC Card (PCMCIA) that complies with PCMCIA release 2.0 for compatibility with the latest mobile PCs.
The advanced design of the VDC 600 PDC Card draws less than 2 watts of power from the PC, requiring no external power supply or additional batteries. A standard cable is included to connect to most DCE devices. Cables are available for other interfaces. |
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What does the Joint Base Station (JBS) V2B MODCOM consist of?
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JBS V2B
2 HF RF-5000 1.6-30MHZ 8 UHF / SATCOM PSC–5 225-400MHZ 2 UHF LOS PRC-113 116-150MHZ, 225-400MHZ 2 VHF PRC-117(B)C 30-90MHZ 2 Servers / 6 Workstations 1 Printer/ Scanner 1 UPS (Backup Power Supply) 1 RCC (Remote Console Circuit) 1 Rib (Fiber Optic Router for RCC) |
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What does the JBS V2D MODCOM consist of?
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JBS V2D
2 HF PRC-150 1.6-60MHZ 6 UHF / SATCOM PSC–5D 30-512MHZ 3 DUAL UHF / SATCOM PSC–5D 30-512MHZ 8 Virtual Intercom (VICOM) Workstations 2 Printers 2 Scanners 3 UPS (Backup Power Supply) 2 Generators 2 Remote Data Cases/Ethernet Switches |
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What does the Improved Special Operations Communications Assemblage (ISOCA) consist of?
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1 UHF-DAMA/SATCOM, VHF/UHF, AM/FM LOS PSC-5D, 30-512 MHZ.
1 HF PRC-150, 1.6-59.9999 MHZ. 1 INMARSAT Terminal – Voice and data over commercial satellite systems. 1 TAC/STE – Tactical/Secure Terminal Equipment used in conjunction with laptop, printer/scanner/copier/fax provides secure voice and data transmission. |
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how many types of Special Operations Force Deployable Node (SDN) are there?
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Three
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What are the three types of Special Operations Force Deployable Node (SDN)?
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Heavy, Medium, and Lite
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What does the SDN Heavy consist of?
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2 T-1 Capable Tri-Band (C, X, Ku) SHF terminal. Includes SDN (IDNX) Base Band suite for Grey, Red (Vox / Data) network and VTC requirements.
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What does the SDN Medium consist of?
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2 Ku-Band SHF terminals (8 Mbps Downlink, 2 Mbps Uplink).
SDN Base Band suite for Black, Grey, Red (Vox/Data) network and VTC requirements. |
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What does the SDN Lite consist of?
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8 64 kps (Secure) ISDN capability with secure and non-secure voice.
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What do you get from the Global Broadcast Service/Transportable Ground Receive Suite (GBS/TGRS)?
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Unclassified and classified weather information, map imagery, intelligence data, UAV video, cable news, and web sites.
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what 3 things make up a radio wave?
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Amplitude
Wavelength Frequency |
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What is amplitude?
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Amplitude, or strength, is the distance between the wave's lowest point and its peak.
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What is Wavelength?
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Wavelength is the distance between crests of a wave. Since a wave is continuous, every time the wave reaches the same point of measurement it is said to have completed one wavelength. It can also be defined as one complete cycle of the waveform.
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What is Frequency?
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Frequency is the number of repetitions or cycles completed in a given time period. If it takes one second to complete a wavelength, the wave's frequency is one cycle per second.
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What are the 3 types of polarization?
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Vertical Polarization
Horizontal Polarization Circular Polarization |
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Vertical Polarization
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Vertical polarization exists when the antenna's electrical field is perpendicular to the earth
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Horizontal Polarization
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Horizontal polarization exists when the antenna's electrical field is parallel to the earth.
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Circular Polarization
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An antenna that radiates an electrical field whose polarization rotates in time and space is circularly polarized. An antenna, depending upon the direction in which the electric and magnetic fields rotate, can generate both right-hand and left-hand circular polarization.
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What are the 2 basic types of wave propagation?
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ground waves and sky waves
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What are the different types of ground waves?
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surface waves, direct waves, and
ground reflected waves. |
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Surface Waves
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Surface waves travel along the earth's surface,
reaching beyond the horizon. Eventually the earth absorbs surface wave energy. The effective range of surface waves is largely determined by the frequency and conductivity of the surface over which the waves travel. |
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Direct Waves
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Direct waves travel in a straight line and become weaker over distance.
Both the receiving and transmitting antennas must be within each other's line of site for communications to take place. Therefore, antenna height is critical in determining range |
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Ground reflected waves
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Ground reflected waves are the portion of the propagated wave that is reflected from the surface of the earth between the transmitter and the receiver.
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Sky Waves
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Sky waves are what make beyond line-of-sight communications possible.
Sky waves are refracted or bent at certain frequencies, returning to the earth hundreds or thousands of miles away. Depending on frequency, atmospheric conditions, and time of day, a signal may bounce multiple times before reaching the receiver. |
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Waht are The three most important factors in setting up a communication circuit?
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Choosing the best propagation path.
Matching it with the right antenna. Selecting the correct frequency |
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What factors may affect the propagation of a radio wave?
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Hills, mountains, buildings, water towers, tall fences, aircraft, and even other antennas.
The conductivity of the local ground or body of water |
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What are the 2 preffered Propagation Paths?
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Direct (or Line-of Sight) Path
Reflected (or Sky Wave) Path |
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What can affect the Line-of-Sight (LOS) Transmission Path?
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Height, Terrain, Antenna Efficiency, and Power Out (HTAP) affect
LOS as follows: |
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What are three frequency considerations associated with sky waves?
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Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF)
Frequency of Optimal Transmission (FOT) Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF) |
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Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF)
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highest frequency that can be reflected for a given elevation angle or propagation path
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Frequency of Optimal Transmission (FOT)
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frequency with the best chance of propagating to the receiving station for that time of day. About 85% of the MUF.
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Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF)
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lowest frequency that can be used for a given time that will not be completely absorbed
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What are two paths associated with sky waves?
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Single Hop
Multiple Hop |
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Single Hop
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a signal is refracted or reflected once to the receiving station. About 1200 miles for E layer, 2400 miles for F layer
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Multiple Hop
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a signal is refracted or reflected more than once to the receiving station. Used for distances over 1200 miles
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Skip distance
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the gap between the surface wave and the sky wave
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what are some sky wave propagation problems?
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Skip distance
Fading Multi-Path Fading Polarization Fading |
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Fading
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fluctuation of a received signal that occurs over a long distance communication path
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Multi-Path Fading
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occurs when a surface wave and a sky wave reach the outstation at the same time and out of phase
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Polarization Fading
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occurs when the polarization is changed due to a signal reflecting off the ionoshpere, known as "Faraday Rotation."
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Near Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS).
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a signal strikes the atmosphere and is returned to earth in an "umbrella" pattern with no skip zones (can work up to 250 miles).
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The atmosphere surrounding the earth is divided into what 3 layers?
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Troposphere
Stratosphere Ionosphere |
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Troposphere
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The troposphere is the lowest region, starting at the earth's surface and extending to a height of about 6 kilometers (km) (3.7 miles) at the poles to about 18 km (11.2 miles) at the equator
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Stratosphere
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The stratosphere is located between the troposphere and the ionosphere, occupying an altitude range extending from about 10 km to 50 km (6.5 to 31.1 miles).
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Ionosphere
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The ionosphere extends upward from about 50 km (31.1 miles) to a height of approximately 400km (250 miles).
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witch layer of the atmosphere is most important for radio propagation?
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Troposhere that is where are the weather takes place.
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What are the Ionosphere Layers?
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D Layer
E Layer F1 Layer F2 Layer F Layer |
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D Layer
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first and lowest region. Present only during the day. Least amount of reflection, substantial amount of absorption.
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E Layer
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second layer. Highly reflective for frequencies below 12 MHz during the day for a distance of about 1000 miles. Seldom used at night.
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F1 Layer
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third layer. Only present during the day. Absorbs more energy than it reflects.
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F2 Layer
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fourth layer. The most reflective layer for frequencies below 30 MHz (HF). Used for communications exceeding 1200 miles for frequencies between 12 MHz and 30 MHz.
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F Layer
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after sunset, the F1 and F2 layers combine to form a single layer used for long distance communications at night
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What are the daytime Ionospheric layers?
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D Layer
E Layer F1 Layer F2 Layer |
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What are the nightime
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E Layer
F Layer |
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EXTREMELY HIGH FREQ (EHF)
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30GHz – 300 GHz
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SUPER HIGH FREQ (SHF)
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3 GHz – 30 GHz
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ULTRA HIGH FREQ (UHF)
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300 MHz – 3 GHz
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VERY HIGH FREQ (VHF)
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30 MHz – 300 MHz
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HIGH FREQ (HF)
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3 MHz – 30 MHz
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MEDIUM FREQ (MF)
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300 KHz – 3 MHz
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LOW FREQ (LF)
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30 KHz – 300 KHz
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VERY LOW FREQ (VLF)
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3 KHz – 30 KHz
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VOICE FREQ (VF)
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300 Hz – 3 KHz
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what are the different Freq bands?
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EXTREMELY HIGH FREQ (EHF) SUPER HIGH FREQ (SHF) ULTRA HIGH FREQ (UHF) VERY HIGH FREQ (VHF) HIGH FREQ (HF)
MEDIUM FREQ (MF) LOW FREQ (LF) VERY LOW FREQ (VLF) VOICE FREQ (VF) |
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What are the SPECWAR SPECIFIC FREQUENCY BANDS?
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(UHF) (VHF) (HF)
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