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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the inner ear located?
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In the petrous part of the temporal bone.
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What are the 3 regions of the osseous labyrinth?
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-Cochlea
-Vestibule -Semicircular canals |
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What lines the osseous labyrinth?
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Periosteum
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What does the osseous labyrinth contain?
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Perilymph
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What is Perilymph fluid similar to in composition?
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CSF
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What is suspended in the Osseous Labyrinth's perilymph?
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The membranous labyrinth
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What does the membranous labyrinth house?
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Mechanoreceptors
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3 components of the membranous labyrinth; what does each sense?
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Cochlea - sound
Vestibule - linear acceleration Semicircular canals - angular acceleration |
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What do the chambers of the cochlea spiral around?
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The modiolus
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What 3 chambers make up the cochlea?
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-Scala vestibuli
-Scala media -Scala tympani |
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Which chambers are continuous? What is the area where they connect?
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Scala vestibuli/tympani - they meet at the helicotrema.
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What fluid is contained in the scala vestibuli and tympani?
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Perilymph
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What is the opening of the Scala vestibuli in contact with?
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The Oval window, on which the stapes in the middle ear rests.
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What attaches the stapes to the oval window?
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An annular ligament
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What happens when fluid pushes on the perilymph in the Scala vestibuli?
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It transmits all the way to the round window at the end of the scala tympani where it bulges outward.
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What is the Scala media filled with?
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Endolymph
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What is endolymph similar to?
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Intracellular fluid
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What is the scala media separated from the scala vestibuli by? from the scala tympani?
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Vestibuli: Vestibular membrane
Tympani: Basilar membrane |
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What is the wedge-shaped shelf of bone that projects from the modiolus and helps separate the scala media from tympani?
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Osseous Spiral Lamina
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What is positioned atop the basilar membrane within the scala media?
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The spiral organ
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What 2 types of cells make up the spiral organ?
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-Supporting cells
-Sensory cells |
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What are the supporting cells that have their bases widely spread and angle toward ea other?
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Inner and outer pillar cells
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What is the space created by the inner/outer pillar cells?
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The Inner Tunnel of Corti
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What supporting cells make up the base for sensory cells?
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Inner and outer phalangeal cells
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What sits on top of phalangeal cells?
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Hair cells
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How are inner hair cells arranged?
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As a single row
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How are outer hair cells arranged?
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In 3/more rows
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What special surface feature is on hair cells?
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Microvilli
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What do microvilli project toward and contact?
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The TECTORIAL MEMBRANE
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What does the tectorial membrane project from?
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The SPIRAL LIMBUS
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How does sound wave impinging on the oval window transmit to the spiral organ of corti?
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It moves the perilymph which causes basilar membrane oscillation.
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What are the special elongated microvilli on the hair cells called? What are they in contact with above?
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Sterocilia - embedded in the tectorial membrane.
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What happens to the sterocilia when the basilar membrane oscillates?
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It generates a transverse shearing force between the OHCs and their stereocilia.
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What is the neural signal generated by sound from?
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Action potentials generated by movement of stereocilia.
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What cranial nerve transmits neural signals from hair cells?
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CN 8 - the cochlear nerve.
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Where are the cell bodies of the bipolar afferent neurons that send auditory info from the cochlea located?
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In the spiral ganglia
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What allows the cochlear organ of corti to detect different frequencies of sound?
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Differences in the width/height and stiffness of the basilar membrane along its length.
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What is the basilar membrane like at the Base of the cochlea? Apex?
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Base: Thick/narrow and taut
Apex: thin/wide and floppy |
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Where is the basilar membrane narrower? Wider?
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Narrower: at the base
Wider: at the apex |
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What frequency maximally stimulates the narrow, thick, taut basilar membrane that is close to the stapes?
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High frequency
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Where is low frequency detected?
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At the apex (farthest from the oval window/stapes).
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What special vascularized stratified epithelium is located along the outer wall of the scala media?
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Stria vascularis
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What does the Stria vascularis play a role in?
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Maintaining the ionic composition of the endolymph.
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Where is the spiral ganglion found?
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Within the modiolus
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What is a possible side-effect of cochlear implant surgery?
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Facial paralysis
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What is the elevated ridge of specialized epithelium found within the membranous ampulla?
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The CRISTA AMPULLARIS
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What do the sensory cells at the crest of the crista ampullaris have?
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Stereocilia that extend into gelatinous ECM
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What is the gelatinous ECM that stereocilia from the crista ampullaris extend into called?
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CUPULA
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What do the semicircular ducts contain?
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Endolymph
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What happens when the endolymph moves?
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It causes the cupula to move, which bends the stereocilia in the sensory cells.
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How many cristae are there?
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3 - one for each semicircular canal.
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What nerve recieves sensory information from the cristae?
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The vestibular nerve
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What type of movement is detected by the cristae in the semicircular canals?
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Angular movements
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What are the 2 membranous sacs that compose the vestibule?
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-Saccule
-Utricle |
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What type of movements do the saccule/utricle detect?
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Linear movements
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What are the specialized sensory regions of the utricle/saccule?
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Maculae
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What are the 5 areas of epithelium that contribute info to the Vestibular nerve?
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3 Cristae in Semicirc Canals
1 Macula of Utricle 1 Macula of Saccule |
