Special Senses

Front 1

means pertaining to the eye

Back 1

ocular

Front 2

means eye

Back 2

ocul

Front 3

means outside the eyeball

Back 3

extraocular

Front 4

means outside

Back 4

extra

Front 5

means within the eyeball

Back 5

intraocular

Front 6

means within

Back 6

intra

Front 7

means pertaining to the eye or sight

Back 7

optic

Front 8

means sight

Back 8

opt

Front 9

means pertaining to

Back 9

-ic

Front 10

the structures outside the eyeball: the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus are called:

Back 10

adnexa aka adnexa oculi

Front 11

is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

Back 11

orbit aka eye socket

Front 12

refers to the use of both eyes working together

Back 12

binocular

Front 13

means two

Back 13

bin

Front 14

these protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and impact

Back 14

upper and lower eyelids

Front 15

is the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

Back 15

canthus

Front 16

is where the eyelids meets nearest the nose

Back 16

inner canthus

Front 17

is a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose

Back 17

epicanthus

Front 18

is where the eyelids meet farthest from the nose

Back 18

outer canthus

Front 19

is the platelike framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape

Back 19

tarsus aka tarsal plate

Front 20

these prevent foreign matter from reaching the eyes

Back 20

eyebrows and eyelashes

Front 21

the edges of the eyelids contain small hairs called

Back 21

cilia aka eyelashes

Front 22

is the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball

Back 22

conjunctiva

Front 23

consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears

Back 23

lacrimal apparatus aka tear apparatus

Front 24

these glands are located above the outer corner of each eye

Back 24

lacrimal glands

Front 25

the lacrimal glands secrete this kind of fluid

Back 25

lacrimal fluid aka tears

Front 26

this canal is made up of two ducts at the inner corner of each eye

Back 26

lacrimal canal

Front 27

this sac is an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct

Back 27

lacrimal sac aka tear sac

Front 28

this duct is the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose

Back 28

lacrimal duct aka nasolacrimal duct

Front 29

is the secretion of tears, especially in excess

Back 29

lacrimation

Front 30

the eyeball is aka

Back 30

globe

Front 31

is the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer layer of the eye, except for the part covered by the cornea.

Back 31

sclera aka white of the eye

Front 32

means the white of the eye

Back 32

scler/o

Front 33

is the transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil.

Back 33

cornea

Front 34

this is the vascular layer of the eye

Back 34

uveal tract aka uvea

Front 35

The _____ is the pigmented (colored) muscular layer that surrounds the pupil.

Back 35

iris

Front 36

The _____ is the black circular opening in the center of the eye

Back 36

pupil

Front 37

this is the pigment that also determines the color of the skin

Back 37

melanin

Front 38

the _____ is the clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina

Back 38

lens aka crystalline lens

Front 39

The ____ is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye

Back 39

choroid aka choroid coat

Front 40

this is located within the choroid, and is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina

Back 40

ciliary body

Front 41

this is the sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye

Back 41

retina

Front 42

The retina contains specialized light-sensitive cells called

Back 42

rods (black and white receptors) and cones (color receptors)

Front 43

means that light cannot pass through this substance

Back 43

opaque

Front 44

is a clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina

Back 44

macula aka macula lutea

Front 45

means spot

Back 45

macula

Front 46

means yellow

Back 46

lutea

Front 47

is a pit in the middle of the macula

Back 47

fovea centralis

Front 48

is a small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve

Back 48

optic disk, aka blind spot

Front 49

transmits the nerve impulses from the retina to the brain

Back 49

second cranial nerve aka optic nerve

Front 50

The front one third of the eyeball is known as the ____

Back 50

anterior segment

Front 51

The _____ chamber is located behind the cornea and in front of the iris

Back 51

anterior chamber

Front 52

The ______ chamber is located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place

Back 52

posterior chamber

Front 53

The anterior and posterior chambers are filled with ____ fluid

Back 53

aqueous fluid aka aqueous humor

Front 54

The aqueos fluid is constantly filtered and drained through the

Back 54

trabecular meshwork and the canal of Schlemm

Front 55

This constant drainage regulates

Back 55

intraocular pressure (IOP)

Front 56

the posterior two-thirds of the eyeball is known as the

Back 56

posterior segment

Front 57

is the soft, clear, jellylike mass that fills this segment to aid the eye in maintaining its shape

Back 57

vitreous humor aka vitreous gel

Front 58

is the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances

Back 58

accommodation

Front 59

is the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other in an effort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer

Back 59

convergence

Front 60

is the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

Back 60

emmetropia

Front 61

means in proper measure

Back 61

emmetr

Front 62

means vision condition

Back 62

-opia

Front 63

is the ability of the lens to bend light rays to help them focus on the retina

Back 63

refraction

Front 64

is the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance

Back 64

visual acuity

Front 65

means sharpness

Back 65

acuity

Front 66

is used to measure visual acuity

Back 66

snellen chart

Front 67

The ____ number indicates the distance from the chart, which is always standardized at 20 feet

Back 67

first number

Front 68

The ____ number indicates the deviation from the norm based on the ability to read progressively smaller lines of letters on the chart

Back 68

second number

Front 69

holds a MD degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eyes and vision

Back 69

ophthalmologist

Front 70

means eye

Back 70

ophthalm

Front 71

holds a doctor of optometry degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

Back 71

optometrist

Front 72

means vision

Back 72

opt/o

Front 73

means one who measures

Back 73

-metrist

Front 74

is drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis

Back 74

blepharoptosis

Front 75

means eyelid

Back 75

blephar/o

Front 76

means drooping or sagging

Back 76

-ptosis

Front 77

is the eversion (turning outward) of the edge of an eyelid

Back 77

ectropion

Front 78

means turn

Back 78

trop

Front 79

means condition

Back 79

-ion

Front 80

is the inversion (turning inward) of the edge of an eyelid

Back 80

entropion

Front 81

means in

Back 81

en-

Front 82

means turn

Back 82

trop

Front 83

is a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland

Back 83

hordeolum aka stye

Front 84

is a localized swelling inside the eye lid resulting from obstruction of one of the sebaceous glands

Back 84

chalazion aka internal stye

Front 85

is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually caused by an infection or allergy

Back 85

conjunctivitis aka pinkeye

Front 86

means conjunctiva

Back 86

conjunctiv

Front 87

is bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera

Back 87

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Front 88

is drying of eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva, that may be due to disease or to a lack of vitamin A in the diet

Back 88

xerophthalmia aka dry eye

Front 89

means dry

Back 89

xer-

Front 90

is an inflammation of the sclera

Back 90

scleritis

Front 91

means white of eye

Back 91

scler

Front 92

is an inflamation of the cornea

Back 92

keratitis

Front 93

means cornea

Back 93

kerat

Front 94

is an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea

Back 94

corneal abrasion

Front 95

is a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury

Back 95

corneal ulcer

Front 96

is a noncancerous growth that develops on the cornea and can grow large enough to distort vision

Back 96

pterygium

Front 97

is an inflammation of the iris

Back 97

iritis

Front 98

means iris

Back 98

ir

Front 99

is an adhesion that binds the iris to an adjacent structure such as the lens or cornea

Back 99

synechia

Front 100

holds structures together abnormally

Back 100

adhesion

Front 101

is a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size

Back 101

anisocoria

Front 102

means unequal

Back 102

anis/o

Front 103

is the loss of transparency of the lens

Back 103

cataract

Front 104

are particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous fluid and cast shadows on the retina

Back 104

floaters aka vitreous floaters

Front 105

is an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

Back 105

nystagmus