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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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external signals are converted into
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electrical events processed by the CNS
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Vision begins
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Cornea (modified skin cells) wher light is reflected or bent so that it can focused on the back of the eyee
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Cornea
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nutrition comes from tears and aqueous humor- also have antibacterial properties
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refraction
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the bending of light so that it can be focused and projected
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movement in eye
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cornea>aquaous humor>deeper segment of the eye via the iris diaphragm (pupil) >lens> vicerqous humor> retina
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catract
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lens is covered therefore vision is blurry
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Fovea
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light focused (at least bright light) - the area of maximum visual acuity
central area within the macula (a structure in the middle of the retina) Only cones are found here and are specialized for color vision |
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retina
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# of dif. cell types ... most cones found in the fovea, rods more peripheral
bipolar, amacrine and horizontal cells, Ganglion cells make the optic nerve |
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blind spot
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their axon make the optic disc
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rods and cones
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visual pigments are found here
rhodopsin in rods, others in cones |
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sound waves are
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audible vatiations in air pressure - anything that can move air molecules can create sound like our vocal cords
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sound waves travel
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the external auditory meatus > ear canal > the tympanic membrane or ear drum
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ear drum
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cerumen or ear wax found here
attached to the drum are a series of bone hammer, anvil, stirrup (malleus, incus sapes) located in teh middle ear vibrations in these ear bones are transmitted to teh oval window |
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sound waves and their reception
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the stapes is attached to the oval window
motion at teh window moves fluid in the cochlea |
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cochlea
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fluid filled
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ototoxicity
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drugs get caught in the fluid filled cochlea
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organ of Corti
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damaged- you can't here
has hair cells sitting on the basilar membrane of the cochlea is the organ of Corti fitted into tectorial membrane when moving the hairs bend and set up an action potential--- shearing force this allows you to hear movements of the basilar membrane deforms teh hair cells and they depolarize resulting in action potential in the auditory nerve |
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inner ear
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important in maintaining balance and equilbrium
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vestibular system
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saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals
perform the function of balance and equilbrium provides teh CNS with information relating to teh effects of movement and graviation on the body |
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disorders of vestibular fxn
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include vertigo
the sensation of movement and motion sickness |
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taste
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gustation
4 primary taste sensations 3 tpyes of taste buds contain taste receptors |
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ageusia
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inability to taste
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