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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemical Senses |
1. Gustation and olfaction 2. Chemoreceptors responds to chemicals in mucous and saliva |
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Sense of Smell |
Organ is olfaction epithelium in roof of nasal cavity |
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Structure Involved in Smell |
1. Olfactory receptor cells (bipolar neurons with cilia) 2. Bundles of their axons form Olfactory Nerve 3. Glial cells surround and cushion 4. Basal Cells lie at base of epithelium |
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Cribiform Plate |
1. Located in ethmoid bone 2. Contains pores |
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Olfactory Bulb |
Contains glomeruli (network of synapses) and mitral cells |
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Olfactory Nerve |
1. Refers to entire collection of axon bundles from Olfactory receptor neurons 2. These bundles of axons meet in glomeruli of the Olfactory Bulb |
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Physiology of Smell |
1. Odorants bind to receptor proteins in Olfactory cilia 2. A G Protein is activated which makes a cAMP 3. cAMP opens channels, causing depolarization and AP |
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Olfactory Pathway |
1. Olfactory receptor cells synapse with mitral cells in glomeruli of Olfactory Bulb 2. Mitral Cells amplify, refine, and relay signals along Olfactory tracts to Olfactory cortex and Hypothalamus/ Amygdala/limbic system |
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Sense of Taste |
Tongue 1. Covered with papillae 2. Filiform papillae most abundant and don't have taste buds 3. Divert food back to throat and continually grow |
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Hairy Tongue |
Overgrowth of Filiform papillae |
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Sense of Taste |
1. Not neural 2. Receptor organ is taste bud 3. Taste buds are found on top of fungiform papillae, sides of foliate/circumvallate papillae 4. Taste buds can Regenerate and don't last long |
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Structure of Taste Bud |
1. 50 to 100 epithelial cells 2. Basal Cells 3. Gustatory cells with microvilli (Gustatory hairs) |
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Gustatory Cortex |
Taste cortex is located in Insula |
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Taste Sensations |
1. Sweet (sugars, alcohol, amino acids) 2. Sour (hydrogen ions/acids) 3. Salt (metal ions) 4. Bitter (alkaloids/toxic plants) 5. Umami (glutamate savory) |
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Physiology of Taste |
In order to be tasted, a chemical must 1. Be Dissolved in saliva 2. Contact Gustatory hairs |
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Binding of a Tastant |
1. Depolarizes taste cell membrane, causing release of neurotransmitters 2. Initiates a generator potential with elicits AP |
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Taste Causing Depolarization |
1. Salty foods cause Na+ influx 2. Sour foods cause H+ influx |
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Influences on Taste |
1. Taste is 80% smell 2. Thermoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Nociceptors in mouth can influence taste 3. Temperature and texture can influence taste |
