Special Path - Cns Disease Responses

Front 1

Responses to injury from Porencephaly.

Back 1

asctrocytic necrosis.

Front 2

Responses to injury from Hydrancephaly.

Back 2

asstrocyte cell processes repair the "cavities"--no fibroblasts unless fibroblasts from meninges get involved.

Front 3

Responses to injury from Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis.

Back 3

neutrophils in meninges.

Front 4

Responses to injury from Adult Bacterial Meningitis.

Back 4

( recall 3 phases of inflammation: vascular, inflammatory and reparative) neutrophils in meninges, subacute inflammatory response, fibrin.

Front 5

Responses to injury from Rabies.

Back 5

lymphomonocyic inflammation, neuronal degradation.

Front 6

Responses to injury from Brain Abscesses.

Back 6

necrotic debris and neutrophils, walled off by proliferation of fibrous astrocyte processes.

Front 7

Responses to injury from Spinal Cord Abscesses.

Back 7

same as brain abscess.

Front 8

Responses to injury from Fungal encephalomyelitis.

Back 8

granulomatous inflammation.

Front 9

Responses to injury from Congential Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Back 9

neuronal and atrocytic cell swelling, myelin edema.

Front 10

Responses to injury from Acquired Congential Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Back 10

neuronal and atrocytic cell swelling, myelin edema.

Front 11

Responses to injury from Renal Encephalopathy (aka Uremic Encephalopathy).

Back 11

neuronal and atrocytic cell swelling, myelin edema.

Front 12

Responses to injury from Brain swelling.

Back 12

acute hyperemia, increased vascular flow to injured region of brain.

Front 13

Responses to injury from Increased ICP.

Back 13

pressure effects vital nuclei for .

Front 14

Responses to injury from Cerebellar coning.

Back 14

cerebellum pushed our foramen magnum.

Front 15

Responses to injury from Cerebellar (Cortical) Abiotrophy.

Back 15

degeneration and gradual loss of Purkinje cells, neurons in brain stem nuclei, astrogliosis.

Front 16

Responses to injury from Massive Trauma .

Back 16

hematoma, edema, increased ICP is usu what causes death, not the wound itself.

Front 17

Responses to injury from Subtle Trauma due to parasitic larval migrans..

Back 17

ischemic encephalopathy--obstruction of middle cerebral artery.

Front 18

Responses to injury from Subtle Trauma due to emboli..

Back 18

microvascular infarction.

Front 19

Responses to injury from Trauma due to atherosclerosis.

Back 19

infarction.

Front 20

Responses to injury from Trauma due to Pia-Arachnoid Hemorrhage.

Back 20

ascending and descending hemorrhage, if bleeding is uncontrolled if neuro signs continue to ascend.

Front 21

Responses to injury from Transectional Axonopathies.

Back 21

proliferation of replacement tissue (oligodendroglial cells--brain or Schwann cells--cord) before axon can regenerate--blocks regeneration-->collapse of endoneurial tube, phagocytosis of axonal debris.

Front 22

Responses to injury from Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Back 22

Wallerian degeneration.

Front 23

Responses to injury from Vertebral Malformations.

Back 23

compression, Wallerian degeneration.

Front 24

Responses to injury from Choroid Plexus Tumor.

Back 24

usu. excess CSF pdc'd by tumor is adequately absorbed, but if flow is obstructed-->hydrocephaly.

Front 25

Responses to injury from Canine Distemper.

Back 25

1° demyelination, Wallerian degeneration 1/3 die, 1/3 recover, 1/3 chronically ill with inflammatory/demyelinating disease.

Front 26

Responses to injury from Canine Distemper--Demyelinating phase.

Back 26

extensive loss of myelin with gitter cells (monocytes filled with lipid debris)--direct viral effects on myelinating cells, indirect glial cell effects on myelinating cells, lymphomonocytic perivascular inflammation.

Front 27

Responses to injury from Chronic CDV Encephalitis (aka old dog encephalitis).

Back 27

compression injury--large lymphocytic perivascular cuffs, loss of myelin.

Front 28

Responses to injury from Granulomatous meningoencephalitis.

Back 28

lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells around vessels, granulomatous inflammation--"back into" this diagnosis if you see granulomatous inflammation w/o fungi or mycobaceria.

Front 29

Responses to injury from Inflammatory reticulosis.

Back 29

lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells around vessels, granulomatous inflammation--"back into" this diagnosis if you see granulomatous inflammation w/o fungi or mycobaceria.

Front 30

Responses to injury from Neoplastic Reticulosis.

Back 30

whorls of reticuloendothelial cells around vessels, reticulin fibers around vessels.

Front 31

Responses to injury from Neuropododermatitis.

Back 31

loss of neurons in DRG, axonal degeneration.

Front 32

Responses to injury from Idiopathic Polyradiculoneuritis.

Back 32

1° demyelination, lymphomonocytic inflammation (viral?), 2° axonal degeneration, permanent axon loss and paresis if left untreated.

Front 33

Responses to injury from Congential Myasthenia Gravis.

Back 33

NONE.

Front 34

Responses to injury from Acquired Myasthenia Gravis.

Back 34

NONE.

Front 35

Responses to injury from Dural Ossification.

Back 35

bone, bone marrow inmeninges.

Front 36

Responses to injury from Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis.

Back 36

smooth muscle cells filled with lipid, ruptured cells with released lipids, fibroblastic repair, thrombogenesis--clotting.

Front 37

Responses to injury from Brain-Heart Syndrome.

Back 37

acute myocardial necrosis.

Front 38

Responses to injury from Degenerative Myelopathy in dogs.

Back 38

axonal degeneration, secondary demyelination (Wallerian), all funiculi involved and mid-thoracic cord most severe.

Front 39

Responses to injury from Degenerative Myelopathy in cats.

Back 39

axonal degeneration, secondary demyelination (Wallerian), all funiculi involved and mid-thoracic cord most severe.

Front 40

Responses to injury from Dysautonomia.

Back 40

Enteric ganglia: neuronal chromatolysis, nuclear pyknosis, neuron loss, satellite cell proliferation.

Front 41

Responses to injury from Viral Cerebellar Hypoplasia.

Back 41

viral-induced neuronal necrosis, alteration of cerebellar organogenesis: abnormal folia, poorly demarcated white matter, poorly differentiated granular and molecular cell layers, reduced # of purkinje cells, purkinje cells in abnormal location.

Front 42

Responses to injury from Genetic Cerebellar Hypoplasia.

Back 42

viral-induced neuronal necrosis, alteration of cerebellar organogenesis: abnormal folia, poorly demarcated white matter, poorly differentiated granular and molecular cell layers, reduced # of purkinje cells, purkinje cells in abnormal location.

Front 43

Responses to injury from Degenerative Encephalomyelopathy.

Back 43

neuronal degeneration, axonal swelling, loss of myelin in certain tracts.

Front 44

Responses to injury from Cholesteatoma.

Back 44

cholesterol clefts, chronic inflammation.

Front 45

Responses to injury from Equine Lower Motor Disease.

Back 45

degeneration and swelling of neuron s.

Front 46

Responses to injury from Listeriosis: brain stem of cow gives it away.

Back 46

BRIAN STEM localized, proximal spinal cord (c1-c3).

Front 47

Responses to injury from Thrombic Meningiencephalitis.

Back 47

thrombotic necrotizing vasculitis--infarcts.

Front 48

Responses to injury from Laminar Cortical Necrosis.

Back 48

Acute neuronal degeneration and necrosis.

Front 49

Responses to injury from Symmetrical Encephalomalacia.

Back 49

Neuronal necrosis, Axonal degeneration, Perivascular inflammation.

Front 50

Responses to injury from Spongiform Polioencephalopathy.

Back 50

Vacuolar degeneration of neurons, Neuronal degeneration and loss, Astrogliosis, No inflammation.

Front 51

Responses to injury from Lentivirus Encephalitis.

Back 51

Loss of myelin, Destruction of paraventricular white matter gliosis, Granulomatous perivasculitis, Severe inflammation.

Front 52

Responses to injury from Viral Leuko-encephalomyelitis.

Back 52

White matter, Granulomatous vasculitis, Loss of myelin primary demyelinating disease.

Front 53

Responses to injury from Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis.

Back 53

White matter, Granulomatous vasculitis, Loss of myelin primary demyelinating disease.

Front 54

Responses to injury from Pseudorabies.

Back 54

Multifocal neuronal degeneration, Multifocal neuronal necrosis, Lymphomonocytic perivasculitis, Acidophilic intranuclear inclusions.

Front 55

Responses to injury from Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis.

Back 55

Laminar cortical neuronal degeneration, Edema, Eosinophilic leukocyte and lymphomonocytic perivasculitis and meningitis, Necrosis with gitter cells.

Front 56

Responses to injury from Cerebrospinal Angiopathy.

Back 56

Fibrinoid vasculitis and perivasculitis, Focal axonal swelling, Edema, Neuronal degeneration, Nuclear lesions can be symmetrical in brain stem.