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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Alzheimers |
Progressive mental deterioration that occurs in middle to older aged people |
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Anemia |
Shortage of red bloods cells or hemoglobin in the blood resulting in paleness and weakness |
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Angina |
Severe chest pain associated with insufficient supply of blood to the heart |
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Arthritis |
Inflammation of a joint or many joints realizing in pain and swelling |
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Asthma |
Respiratory disease often associated with allergies and characterized by sudden recurring attacks of laboured breathing, chest constriction and coughing |
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Atrophy |
Wasting away or deterioration |
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Bacteremia |
Presence of bacteria in the blood |
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Bronchitis |
Inflammation of the mucous membranes is the bronchial tubes |
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Dementia |
Mental disorder characterized by loss of memory, concentration, and judgment |
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Diabetes |
Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose and insufficient insulin |
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Emphysema |
Abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces between the lungs resulting in laboured breathing and increase susceptibility to infection |
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Endocarditis |
Inflammation of the endocardium |
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Epilepsy |
Necrologic disorder with sudden recurring seizures of motor, sensory, or psychic malfunction |
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Hemophilia |
Blood coagulation disorder in which the blood fails to clot properly |
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Hyperthyroidism |
Excessive activity of the thyroid gland |
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Leukemia |
Progressive disease in which the bone marrow produces increased number of immature abnormal white cells |
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Myocardial infarction |
Condition in which damage occurs to the muscular tissue of the heart, commonly caused by obstruction circulation (heart attack) |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Causes pain, stiffness, swelling and loss of function in joints |
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Seizure |
Sudden attack, spasm, or convulsion that occurs in specific disorders |
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Stroke |
Sudden loss of brain function caused by blockage or rupture of blood vessel to the brain |
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Role of dental assistant |
Aiding the dentist in treatment Serving as a source of info to patient and the family Making the patient more comfortable and reducing anxiety |
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Stages of aging |
Functionally independent old adults - better educated and more demanding of health services than in the past. Has most of their natural teeth and expects to maintain them though life. Frail older adults - beginning to have multiple health problems. Some maintain their natural teeth but more of then have fixed or dentures Dependent older adults - have fewer natural teeth and believe that tooth loss is inevitable part of aging. Have medical controls that reflect oral health |
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Oral health contains |
Xerostomia Periodontal disease Tooth decay Dark and brittle teeth Bone resorption |
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Special needs categories |
1 - healthy patients who require no special modification 2- patients with conditions who require scheduling changes or shorter appointments 3- medical contains that have made long implications and require modifications in dental treatment planning including pain control, positioning, material. 4 - patients who require more significant modifications in dental plan. 5- patients with serious medical conditions who require only limited care to eliminate serious acute oral disease including patients who must be kept free of pain and discomfort |
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Assistant from organizations |
Many organizations can provide info to assist you in updating and educating dental staff |
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Developmental disorders |
Intellectual disability Down syndrome - trisomy 21 - extra chromosome Autism |
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Physical disorders |
Patients in a wheelchair Visual impairment Hearing impairments |
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Neurological disorders |
Alzheimer’s - considerations would be complete a thorough exam in early stages, pay attention to prevention, in advance stages patient may not be able to tolerate dentures, may experience dry mouth caused by drugs, make appointments at times patient is at best, family member should come. Seizures - Epilepsy - be aware of trigger factors, presence of aura, sedation may help, be prepared for emergency, maintain oral hygiene, question patients before doing anything
few more types would be Generalized - affect entire brain Partial - affect part of the brain - can be awake during seizures but can not do anything Nonepileptic- caused by diabetes, fever and other causes Status epileptic is continuing a seizure and one of the few reasons emergency should be contacted MS - weakening of lower body and muscle weakness, paralysis - schedule appointments shorter, patient may have wheelchair, may have difficulties in pain control, develop Trigeminal neuralgia, respiratory problems, don’t position patient in supine position, sedation may be required Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) - schedule patients mid morning with extra 10 mins, modified oral hygiene aides may be introduced |
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Types of generalized seizures * |
Absence - may cause person to appear to be staring into space with or without twitching of muscles Tonic - causes stiffening of muscles of the body generally back, legs, arms Clonic- repeated jerking movements of muscles on BOTH sides of the body Myclonic - causes jerks or twitches of upper body, arms, legs Atonic- causes loss of normal muscle tone which often leads the affected person to fall down or drop head Tonic clonic - combo of symptoms including stiffening, jerks, loss of consciousness |
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Neuromuscular disorders |
Require short appointments - patient may need to be transferred, dental dam may be useful, don’t put patient in supine position, sedation should be avoided due to pulmonary function Muscular dystrophy - progressive atrophy and weakness of skeletal muscles that increases Parkinson’s - motor system disorder that is result of loss of dopamine producing brain cells. Tremors, rigidity , stiffness, slow, impaired balance Cerebral palsy - non progressive neuromuscular disorders caused by brain damage (from anoxia) sustained during prenatal or perinatal period infancy - 1 to 4 individuals in 1000 live births Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Lou Gehrig’s disease - degenerative nervous system disease that causes loss of motor maturing in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, spinal chord resulting in muscular atrophy. Arthritis- rheumatoid - osteoporosis - appointments in morning and short - patient may be unable to hold things , may have hard time opening and closing comfortably |
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Cardiovascular disorders |
Avoid stressful long appointments, check vitals, can use nitrous oxide for stress, may need oxygen, dentist may consult with cardiologist, seated patients are more comfortable Congestive heart failure - heart cannot pump enough blood to the body’s other organs Hypertension - high blood pressure Angina - decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle causes sharp pains Endocarditis - disease and prosthetic replacements convey increased risk for bacteria to be carried into blood steam - bactermina |
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Pulmonary disorders |
Allergies - complete medical and history to determine allergens, pay attention to latex and dental materials used, have epi pen available Asthma - minimize stressors, short appointments, use of epinephrine and aspirin should be minimized Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - blocked airflow during respiration - bronchitis( narrowing of bronchial airways) and emphysema (irreversible enlargement of air spaces) - no stress, short appointment, sedate in low risk patients, consider humidified oxygen by nasal, don’t use notorious oxide, don’t recline patient, don’t book during how weather, don’t use anticholineegic drugs |
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Blood disorders |
More susceptible to bacterial infections, modifications may be made for surgery, may need antibiotics |
Anemia - blood lacks healthy red blood cells Leukemia - cancer of white blood cells Hemophilia - blood clotting |
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End crime disorders |
Current patient medical history, hyperthyroid patients who are not being treated are highly sensitive to sedation Hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism Diabetes - minimize stress, use sedation, instruct patient to eat proper diet, minimize infection risk |
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Behaviours and psychiatric disorder |
Understand dry mouth can happen from medications, regular hygiene and fluoride supplements for preserving health, patient cooperation and informed comet may cause problems especially with anxiety. Anxiety Depression Anorexia Binge eating Bulima Bipolar Substance abuse PTSD Schizophrenia |
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