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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is LCA? |
Measure and evaluate all the consumptions and emissions of a product throughout its life cycle from manufacture through use to disposal |
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What are the four stages of LCA? |
1. Goal and scope definition 2. Inventory analysis 3. Impact assessment 4. Interpretation |
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Explain the goal and scope process |
1. The purpose of the study and its extended use 2. Assumptions and limitations of the study 3. System boundaries and the system itself 4. Functional use |
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Explain inventory analysis |
A detailed definition of the system under study and it may include a mass and energy balance |
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Define system |
A system is a collection of materially and energetically connected operations which performs a function |
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Explain impact assessment |
Relates environmental burdens to environmental impacts |
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What are the four steps in impact assessment? |
1. Classification 2. Characterisation 3. Normalisation 4. Valuation |
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Explain normalisation |
Values are assigned to how much environmental burdens have an impact. This is done to make the values dimensionless allowing the environmental burdens to be comparable. The total emissions can also be calculated and burdens can be ranked in terms of their relative impact. |
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Explain Classification |
Categorising environmental burdens according to the types of impact on humans, ecological health and the extent of resource depletion. However, burdens can affect more than one impact. |
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Explain characterisation |
Emission/raw material consumption are expressed in values that show the damage caused |
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Explain valuation |
Total environmental impact can be obtained Each impact is assigned a weight to indicate relative importance |
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Explain Interpretation |
Identify major burdens and impacts Evaluation of LCA findings and final recommendations |
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What is system expansion? |
Portioning burdens amongst their products and by products to ensure that the by products receive the same burden as they would if they were made their usual way |
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Why is a high environmental impact bad for a process? |
1. Emission taxes 2. Permission to operate |
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What waste management options can be used to minimise your environmental impact? |
1. Recycle 2. Cleaning plus reuse 3. Landfill 4. Incineration |
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What are the air pollution control options? |
1. Process change 2. Abatement 3. Dispersion |
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How do you ensure industries operate in the best way for the environment? |
1. Emission taxes 2. Cost benefit standards 3. Emissions standards 4. Air quality standards |
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What does IPPC stand for? |
Integrated pollution prevention control |
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What does the IPPC regulate? |
1. Raw material and energy use 2. How the site operates and technology used 3. Emissions into air, water and land 4. How any waste produced is managed 5. Accident prevention |
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What is BAT? |
An installation is expected to use the Best available technique |
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What does the BAT consider? |
1. Environmental factors 2. Economic factors |
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Explain the permit system |
Companies can buy a permit which allows them to pollute but it may be cheaper to clean up their emissions. This system encourages companies to clean up |
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What must the operator do to get a permit? |
1. Demonstrate that BAT will be applied 2. Demonstrate no significant pollution will be caused 3. Return the site to original condition 4. Monitor and report |
