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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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as colonies grew and expanded the demand for what grew
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capable workers
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what type of people came to America and why?
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criminals (earn their release by working for a period of time )
enslaved African prisoners of war ( sold to European slave traders ) indentured servants(agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time to pay for their passage to America |
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what are indentured servants
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laborers who agreed to work without pay for a certain amount of time in exchange for a passage to America
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whos dream did Maryland arise from?
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Sir George Clavert( lord baltiomre)
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why was Maryland established?
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to create a safe haven for catholics being persecuted
to bring fortune to Sir George Clavert |
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who eventually granted Sir George Calvert's wish and how
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King Charles I gave him a proprietary colony in America in1632 but Calvert died before he could receive the grant
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Cecilius Calvert ended up inheriting his fathers colony and named it what?
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Maryland
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the new Lord Baltimore never lived in Maryland. Who did he send to run the colony? what did they call their settlement?
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sent his younger brothers in 1634
st. marys |
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Maryland colonists turned to what kind of farming knowing that it saved Virginia? what did maryland law also declare they had to grow?
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planted tobacco
(to keep from being too dependent on one crop) also planted 2 acres of corn |
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what was Maryland's port and largest settlement and when was it founded ?
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Baltimore
1729 |
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how did lord Baltimore create a wealthy and powerful class of landowners in Maryland
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gave large estates to his relatives and other English aristocrats
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Maryland need more people to work the plantations so what did it do to encourage settlers?
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promised Land
100 acres- male settler +100 acres - male settlers wife +100 acres- each of male settlers servants +50 acres- each of male settlers kids |
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as plantations increased and additional workers were needed what did the Maryland do?
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imported servants and enslaved Africans
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who layed down a boundary line of stones to separate feuding calvert(Maryland ) and Penn (Pennsylvania ) families land?
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Jeremiah Dixon
Charles Mason |
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what so the boundary line set between Maryland and Pennsylvania to separate the lands called?
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the mason-dixon line
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why did Baltimore pass the act of toleration in 1649?
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to protect catholics from any attempt to make Maryland a protestant colony
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what did the act of toleration grant ?
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protestants and catholics the right to worship freely
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what did the protestant controlled assembly do in 1692 with the support of the English government?
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made the Anglican church the official church in Maryland
and imposed the same restrictions on Catholics that existed in england |
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what did Bacon and other angry westerners blame Jamestown for?
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not protecting them from Native American raids
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William Berkeley Virginia's governor forbade the colonists from going on Native American land but what did Nathaniel Bacon do?
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settled in forbidden lands anyway and then blamed Jamestown for lack of protection
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what did Bacon and angry westerners do in 1676
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led attacks on Native American villages
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why did bacons army set fore to Jamestown and drive Berkeley into exile?
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blamed Jamestown for lack of protection and disagreed with how they ran things
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what was the name of the proprietary colony created by king Charles II in 1663
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colony was Carolina which means Charles's land
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who did King Charles II give Carolina to and why?
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8 prominent members of Charles II court
gift of thanks for helping Charles II regain his throne |
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thw 8 prominent mwmebrs of the couet founded a city called Charles's town in 1680, but what did it later become?
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charleston
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who wrote the constitution for the Carolina colony
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John Locke
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what is a constitution
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a plan of government
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what happened when the Carolina colony didn't develop according to plan?
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northern and southern Carolina split into two colonies
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who was the northern part of Carolina settled by and what did they grow and sell?
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farmers from virginias back country
grew tobacco sold forest products(timber and tar) |
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what did northern Carolina rely on to conduct trade? why?
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Virginia ports and merchants
didn't have good harbor |
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why was southern Carolina more prosperous than the north?
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fertile farmland and a good harbor at Charles town
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what two did planters discover grew well in southern Carolina ? who discovered this?
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rice in wet coastal lowlands soon became leading crop (planters)
indigo known as blue gold used to dye textiles (Eliza Lucas) |
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where did most of southern Carolinas settlers come from?
what did these settlers bring with them from Barbados? |
another English colony on the island of Barbados
enslaved Africans |
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why we're enslaved Africans used in rice fields
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used to hard labor needed to grow and harvest rice
knew a great deal about die cultivation because they had come from the rice growing areas of west Africa |
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Carolina's settlers were angry at the proprietor( wanted role in governement ) and in 1719 settlers in South Carolina seized control. what happened in 1729 as a result?
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Carolina became two royal colonies
(north and south Carolina) |
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who recieved a charter and established Georgia the last of the British colines in America
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James oglethorpe
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why was Georgia established
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to create a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start
to serve as a military barrier that would protect the other colonies |
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what are debtors
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those who are unable to repay their debts
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when was Georgia settled and what was the town they built called
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1733
Savannah |
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what type of colonists did Oglethorpe expect and what did he ban
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hardworking independent protestant
no slaves no Catholics no rum |
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what did Georgia settlers complain about ?
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limits on landholdings and law banning slave labor
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what did Oglethorpe do about the Georgia colonists complaining?
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agreed to have larger landholding and lifted ban against slavery and
rum gave up and gave colony back to king in 1751 |
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what did France found in 1608
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Quebec
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France had little concern in large-scale settlement. what were their main concerns?
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fishing
trapping animals for fur sending missionaries |
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why did france build forts and trading posts
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to protect their profitable trade
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what became a royal colony in 1663?
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New France
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what two Frenchmen explored the Mississippi river in the 1670s?
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Jacques Marquette (priest)
Louis Joliet (a fur trader) |
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why did Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette explore the mississippi river?
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hoped to find precious metals like gold and silver
to find a water passage to the Pacific Ocean |
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why did Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette return home when they reached the Arkansas river ?
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realized Mississippi river flowed into gulf of mexico and not into the pacific
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who followed the Mississippi river all the way to the gulf of mexico and claimed the river for France?
what did he call the area in honor of king Louis XIV? |
Rene-Robert Cavelier , Sieur de La Salle
Louisiana |
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what did the French governor found in 1718
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the port of New Orleans
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what are tenant farmers
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settlers who paid their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year
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why did France have better relations with natives?
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trappers and missionaries traveled deep into Indian lands and lived AMONG the natives.
learned their languages respected their ways didn't push natives off their land. |
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Spanish priests built a string of missions. what're missions?
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religious settlements established to convert people to particular faith
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Spanish sent missionaries and soldiers north to where?
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new mexico
Arizona texas |
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what did the missions enable spanish to do?
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lay claim to California
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what're some Spanish colonies founded in Texas new mexico and Arizona ?
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San Antonio and 7 other military posts
santa fe |
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who founded a mission at San Diego in 1769 and eight other missions in California
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a Franciscan monk named Juniperro Serra
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what is the route in California where nine settlements including san diego were founded ?
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El Camino Real ( the royal highway)
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what did junipero Serra champion?
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the rights of Native Americans
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who were the prinicpal rivals of the colonial period and brought their differences in both the new and old world?
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France vs Great Britain (England)
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