Spc 209 - Ch. 5

Front 1

verbal communication 3 factors

Back 1

1) native architecture
2) cognitive development,
3) environmental influences

Front 2

native architecture

Back 2

inborn language-transmission and language-acquisition devices

Front 3

cognitive development

Back 3

the development of the thinking and organizing systems of your brain. It involves not only language but also mental imagery, reasoning, problem solving, and memory development.

Front 4

environmental influences

Back 4

language-acquisition support system. analyzing language content long before you were discovering and understanding grammatical structures.

Front 5

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Back 5

-suggests that the language you use to some extent determines or at least influences the way in which you view and think about the world around you.
-This simply means that your thoughts are affected by or influenced by your language.
-When you want to talk about how you feel, you are at the mercy of the language you possess.
-When you are thinking about something that you have perceived, your linguistic habits predispose certain choices of interpretation
-the better understanding you have of verbal communication, and the more words you have at your disposal, the more complete will be your ability to think about and view the world around you

Front 6

denotative meaning

Back 6

its dictionary definition
ex. mailbox,

Front 7

connotative meaning

Back 7

the feelings or associations each individual has about a word
ex. freedom and love

Front 8

ladder of abstraction

Back 8

-a diagram of how we abstract through language, classifications, types, categories, and so on.
-it assists communicators in finding the right rung on the ladder with enough detail for clarity, yet not so much that the detail gets in the way of the communication.
ex. vehicle

Front 9

euphemism

Back 9

an inoffensive word or phrase that is substituted for other words that might be perceived as unpleasant
ex. death (passing away)

Front 10

doublespeak

Back 10

refers to words deliberately constructed for political purposes--words specifically intended to impose a desirable mental attitude on those using them
ex. aerial ordinance for bombs and missiles;

Front 11

2 things different about doublespeak with euphemism

Back 11

1)doublespeak does not always have to do with unpleasant words
2)doublespeak always relates to a political agenda

Front 12

language environment

Back 12

made up of four elements: people, their purpose, the rules of communication by which they achieve their purpose, and the actual talk used in the situation

Front 13

ritual language

Back 13

takes place in environments where a conventionalized response is expected of you. Greetings are ritual; you briefly respond to someone--usually only half listening to what the other person has said--and then go about your business.

Front 14

style

Back 14

the result of the way you select and arrange words and sentences.

Front 15

rapport talk

Back 15

women's language that is designed to lead to intimacy with others, to match experiences, and to establish relationships.

Front 16

report-talk

Back 16

Men's language whose goal is to maintain status, to demonstrate knowledge and skills, and to keep the center-stage position

Front 17

powerful talk

Back 17

talk that comes directly to the point--talk that does not use hesitation or qualifications.
-people who engage in powerful talk are found to be more credible, more attractive, and more persuasive than those who do not
-powerful talk is characterized by the nonexistence of certain communication behaviors. (ex. "I guess" or "kind of"- or hesitation forms such as "uh" and "you know" or tag questions.

Front 18

dialect

Back 18

the habitual language of a community

Front 19

paralanguage

Back 19

vocal cues, or the way you say your words

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clarity

Back 20

that aspect or characteristic of style by means of which a thought is so presented that it is immediately understood, depending on the precision and simplicity of the language

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vividness

Back 21

the aspect or characteristic of style by which a thought is so presented that it evokes lifelike imagery or suggestion

Front 22

metamessage

Back 22

the meaning apart from what actual words express

Front 23

framing

Back 23

the way in which messages are divided, arranged, shaped, composed, constructed, and put together as a new whole.