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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was the Persian war |
90 to 470 BC |
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What are some of the effects of the Persian war |
1.A short-lived sense of Greek unity 2.City states become more focused on defense 3.formation of delian league Athens begins to dominate other members of the league Athens quickly rises to be the greatest power in Greece 4. Sparta counters with the Peloponnesian league |
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Underlying causes |
Sparta was worried over Athens growing military and political power Athens had the strongest navy a large collection of allies and great wealth
Athens began to dominate trade risking Spartus food supply and angering spurn allies megara and Corinth |
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Immediate causes |
Sparta came to the defense of their Key allie who while in war with another city state were attacked by Athens
Athens also made the megarian decree which blocked magara from trading with a delian league city |
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The war of 433 BC |
Thucydides wrote down a record of all that happened
The Peloponnesian league declares war
Sparta invades by land and surrounds Athens hoping to starve people and force Athenean army to come out and fight the Athenians following Pericles long wall strategy get their food from trade and fed through the navy
Athens with their strong walls just played defense Spartans went home every three weeks to harvest it's crops and check on helots. Athens Navy would go out and attack spartan allies |
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The plague |
In 430 the plague enters Athens and spreads quickly by fleas while the citizens of Athens are trapped inside the walls
One third of the population died including the inspiration leader Pericles in 429 BC |
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Persia helps out |
Persia helps Sparta build a fleet hoping to get revenge on Athens and pleased to see the Greeks destroy each other
Athenians under demagogue leaders like Cleon keep voting for destructive inconclusive war |
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Peace |
Cleon killed in another indecisive battle in 422 BC
The Athenians under general nicias arrange a truce in 421 both sides tired of war agree for peace
In 415 greedy Athens encouraged by glory seeking nephew of Pericles Alcibiades are used to conquer Sparta is Allie Syracuse on the island of Sicily as a new source of money and food
Alcibiades given command but after being accused of sacrilege of the Herms was recalled and replaced by Nicias
Cleon killed in another indecisive battle in 422 BC
Alcibiades hightailed to Sparta and the Atheneans sufferedsuffered their greatest defeat ever the Athenian fleet is weakened their advantage over Sparta is gone
With no strong leader the Athenians Keep on electing different generals to bring them victory and kicking them out when they lose |
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War 411-410 BC |
Alcibiades shows Sparta a strategy to occupy Athens access to her silver mines so she loses essential income and her alternative supply route
Athens taxes her Delian allies even more and rebellion threatens the empire
Athens survived due to the Inteptness of the enemy and a last resort fleet of 100 it had in reserve
400 oligarchs overthrew the democracy in 411 but were overthrown by moderate oligarchs the 5000 due to their cruelty
Athenian success against the Spartans with the help of Alcibiades meant the democracy was restored by 410 |
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404 BC Spartan victory |
The Athenians continue to win battles till the sea battle at Arginusae 406 BC a great Athenian the three but many sailors lost generals convicted by the enraged populous for not rescuing the sellers only voice raised in their defense was Socrates slaves who wrote the tiremes were Made voting free citizens so emboldened by success proposals to seek peace with Sparta was voted out by pro war faction
404 Spartans under King Lysander sent their fleet to Ionia and destroyed the Athenian fleet at the battle of goat Creek
With the Athenian fleet destroyed the Spartans blockaded the Athenian port starving the people into submission and ended the war later that year |
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Athens surrenders |
Lysander enforces harsh condition on the defeat of Athens he has to dismantle their military take down some of the long walls Ionia given back to Persia Thebes wanted Athens destroyed and its people enslaved however Sparta said since Athens helped in the Persian war they did not deserve that reward
Athens was to be run by a group of collaborators and Spartans the 33 tyrants Council of governors instituted purges and a time of terror overthrown soon after in 403 BC by thrasybulus A humbled Athenean democracy continues though scores continued to be settled socrates is targeted and killed and 399 bc |
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Thebes overthrows Sparta |
Using the Theban phalanx where the left flank is superstrong to force their opponents to collapse on themselves the heart of the force was the sacred band of Thebes
Epaminodas conquers the Spartans in 371 at the battle of leuctra
Sparta never rises to its previous strength as a half it's Warriors are killed and the helots freed
Philip of Macedon conquers and unites Greece by 350 and his son Alexander the third succeeds him and 336
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