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84 Cards in this Set
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Who were these people: 1. Alfonso X 2. Gonzalo de Berceo 3. Archpriest of Hita- Juan Ruiz 4. Ramon Monendez Piel 5. Trotaconventos 6. Don Juan Manuel 7. Fernando de Rojas 8. Lope de Rueda 9. Juan Boscan 10. Garcilaso de La Vega 11. Juan de la cueva 12. Cervantes 13. Juan del Encina |
1. directed scholars to translate works into Castilian 2. Wrote "miracles of our lady" 3. wrote book of good love 4. saved 'El Cid' from obsurity 5. the go-between archpriest of Hita and women 6. wrote "el conde Lucanor" 7. La celestina author 8. Father of Spanish theater; wrote paso de las aceitunas 9. wrote renaissance poetry/sonnets 10. wrote renaissance poetry/sonnets 11. 1st spanish playwrite to use spanish history 12. Used everyday life and classical subjects; wrote "Don Quijote" 13. Founder of Spanish Drama |
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Literary voice due to diverse population of what cultures? what centuries? |
Arabs- North africa Jews- middle east Christians - Iberian Peninsula (1st- 10th centuries) |
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Romans |
206-invaded 19- conquered the iberian peninsula region began known as Hispania Inhabitants learned Latin from romans |
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Visigoths |
germatic tribes in the Iberian Peninsula controlled spain from 5th-8th century Latin- official language of govt. and cult. St. ISIDORE- converted visigoths to roman catholicism |
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Moors |
Ruled Spain from 711-1400's brought established language, religion social and political structure built numerous muslim universities where literature among other subjects flourished an extensive literature developed partially due to the fact moorish rulers were themselves poets and authors of note |
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Jews |
Sizable Jew popl. in spain during early middle ages Mix of Arabs/Jews/Christians developed a highly creative literary environment SUBJECTS- Religion/Society/Politics |
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Jarchas |
Earliest written forms of Spanish/1st literary spanish works appeared before reconquista Arab/hebrew poets wrote during 11-13th century Short refrain/last verse of song About love struck girl telling about passion/sorrow |
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Muwashahat |
Lyric poem that flourished in Al-Andalus written in classical Arabic/Hebrew Strophic poem- 5 strophes- last stroph=jarcha jarcha written in mozarabic composed of series of social/linguistical oppositions ex.- classical vs. vernacular Arabic/Hebrew - official vs. popular ........ - male vs. female |
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Mozarabic |
Christian language in Al-Andalus during Morrish rule |
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Muwashahat Structure |
aba ddd ba eee ba LAST BA IS JARCHA- written in mozarabic |
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Theme of Muwashahat |
male voice directed toward patron or protector or an expression of homo/heterosexual love |
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Theme of Jarcha |
Female voice expresses in popular form concepts of love or the poet without a patron or protector |
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OTHER ASPECTS: Jarchas |
a) Feminine voice directed to usually absent lover, or to another female b)unrequited love, sadness at absence of lover, lovers suffering c) IMAGES INCLUDE: love as a sickness, an urban environment, heartache, dawn |
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Come, my lord, come to love is such a bliss in these times to love the son of Ibn al Dayyeni |
example of jarcha- Tanto amor (so much love) |
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Gonzalo de Berceo- Style of Verse- Type of Poetryf |
1st known name in Spanish poetry born in village of Berceo in 12th century died in 13th century poems usually about religious aspects Style- Mester de Clerecia Type of Poety- Cuaderna Via Priest/Bishop of Calahorra |
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Style of Gonzalo de Berceo- Type of Poetry Type of Language |
Type of Poetry: Cuaderna Via Type of Language: Roman paladino- common language |
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Classifications of Gonzalo de Berceo's work |
1. Hagiographies- lives of saints 2. poems of the Virgin Mary 3. others |
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Summarize topic of 'The Miracles of Our Lady' |
talks about nature/beauty and how it affects him as well as what nature provides; he is being thankful for what he finds here on Earth |
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El Cid |
Written in about 1200 during Reconquista Style: epic poem Topic: chronicle of the life of a national hero; Rodrigo Diaz de vivar; based on a ture story |
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Who is El Cid? |
11th Century soldier and commander under King alfonso VI of Castille |
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Where the name comes from: El Cid Campeador |
Moorish and Spanish origins Cid- Lord in Arabic Campeador- Champion in Spanish |
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What is the story of El Cid about? |
Tells of a Spanish hero- El Cid- during the Reconquista of Spain from the Moors. El Cid married the sister of Alfonso VI but for obscure reasons, fell in disfavor of the king and had to leave his home country of Castile. Regained honor by participating in the battles against the Moorish army and conquered Valencia. His two daughters married the princes. |
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How many different parts are in El Cid? |
1. Cantar del Destierro- El Cid has to leave Castile and fights with the Moorish King of Zaragoza until he gets to Valencia 2. Cantar de las Bodas- El Cid conquers Valencia. After El Cid asks the King to forgive him, he agrees and his daughters marry the princes of carrion 3. Cantar de la Afrenta de Corpes: the princes offend and abandon their wives. Once more, El Cid has to regain his honour back, so he asked the cort of toledo for justice. then he remarries his daughters to the princes of aragon and navarre. |
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Summarize fragment about 'The lay of the Cid' |
Like many feudal epics, this portrays the breakdown of the vassal-lord relationship due to some shortcoming of the lord, the manner in which the vassal attempts to deal with the situation and reaches a climax and resolution in a detailed account of a formal trail |
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Other facts |
El cid became a universal hero to the Spanish, and his history was elaborated by numerous ballads legends and other tales until the historical figure was completely obscured by this fanciful literature |
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Ramon Menendez Piel |
rescued the work from fiction; devoted the entirety of his long life to uncovering the historical Cid and in portraying the Spain in which he lived |
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Characteristics of Medieval Literature |
Under the Moors- Toledo became a culture center where Arab, Hebrew and Christian scholars translated important works of Islamic/Greek works into Latin |
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Alfonso VI |
captured toledo during Reconquista in 1085 and the Muslim school of Translators came under Christian Custody |
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How did language change during the Reconquista |
Spanish dialects of northern Spain such as Castilian and Leonese became dominant replaced Arabic and Mozabaric dialects |
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Spanish forms in late Middle Ages |
- Uneducated but highly entertaining bards sang stories of Christian heroes - Scholars wrote and translated works under the direction of Monarchs - Monks, Clerics, and priests composed poetry about the natural and spiritual world |
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Who was Alfonzo X |
El Sabio directed scholars at the School of Translators to translate histories, Chronicles and Scientific, legal and literary writing from other languages into Castilian Major result was standardizing language based on Castilian dialect |
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What were the 3 Estates of the Middle Ages |
1. Clergy-(Latin) those who pray 2. Nobles- (French) those who fight 3. Commoners- (common language) those who work |
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Troubadors |
12th Century, ananymous, irregular metric, Christian legends/heroes |
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Clerics |
13th Century, author (educated), regular metric, religious matters |
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Troubadours Style and Epic |
Epic poem written by troubadour poets; appeared during the 12 century during the reconquista troubadours were medieval poets who sang for the people in village squares and for the nobility in castles and royal courts |
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How is St. James related to Troubadours |
Troubadour poets flourished as a result of pilgramages to the burial place of St. James- patron saint of Christian Spain in the city of Santiago de Compestela |
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Style of Troubadours |
craft of the troubadours |
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Construction of Troubadours |
12 to 16 syllable long with a pause in the middle |
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MOST IMPORTANT WORK of Troubadours: |
- El cantar de mio Cid >>> an epic poem in the troubadour style |
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Archpriest of Hita- What do we know about him? |
- almost nothing besides what he read in his book - Educated in Toledo -By 1330 finished the book of good love while being an archpriest in the village of Hita - also (apparently) earned some fame form the popular songs he composed |
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Style of Book of Good Love |
-Cuaderna Via - 14 syllables - 4 line stanza - Alexandrine verse |
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The 'Book of Good Love' contains... |
12 narrative poems each describing a different love affair |
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'The Book of Good Love' title refers to |
the distinction the author makes between buen amor (Love of God) and Loco Amor (carnal love) |
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Narrative of Book of Good Love describes... |
A Male hero's attempt to obtain carnal love through his wooings and unsuccessful seduction of various women |
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Other Elements of 'Book of Good Love' |
- Parody of a serman along with other anti-clerical satires -Several love songs - A song in praise of small (petite) women |
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IMPORTANTTTTTT WHY IS THIS BOOK (BOOK OF GOOD LOVE) REMARKABLE?????????? |
Its Satirical Glimpses of Spanish Medieval life Contains dynamic descriptions of basic character types from lower classes Includes one of the first major comic personages in Spanish literature- the old panderess Trotaconventos (Matchmaker/owl) |
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Does the Archpriest of Hita Show mastery of anything |
Popular Speech: he also offers folk sayings and provers along with bits of obscure but impressive learning |
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How does the Archpriest of Hita end? |
Ends with the death of Trotaconventos - the Archpriest's go-between- and the Archpriest no longer tried to seduce women |
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What was the Archpriest of Hita first of? |
- 1st writer in Castilian of the short lyric pieces that describe the charms of Shepherd girls or Milkmaids |
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Count Lucanor |
By Don Juan Manuel- nephew of Alfonso X One of the earliest works of prose in Castilian Spanish written in 1335 series of 51 short stories drawn from various sources such as classical writers and arabic folktales |
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MARK OF THE BOOK: Count Lucanor |
the didactic and moralistic purpose- which would color so much of Spanish Literature to Follow - Novela Picaresca -Tendency from Crafts of the Clerics |
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Structure of Count Lucanor |
El Conde Lucanor engages in conversation with his advisor Patronio, putting to him a problem 'Some man has made me a proposition'.... 'I fear that such and such a person intends to....' Asks for Advice - Patronio responds always with the greatest humility, claiming not to wish to offer advice to so illustrious a person as the Conde - offers to tell him a story in which conde's problems reminds him - stories are examples of wise actions - a tthe end he advises the conde to do as the protagonist of his story did- each chapter end in more or less the same way- with slight variations on: 'And this pleased the Count greatly and he did just so, and found it to be well' 'and Don Juan Saw this example was very good, and had it written in this book and composed the following verses a rhymed couplet closes- giving the moral of the story |
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Example Chapter: The Story of A Young Man Who Married a Very Strong And Very Aggressive Woman |
Old-Fashion Language the age of the work also explains its attitude towards women and servants that need to be controlled and must be mubmissive for fear that they upset their husbands/lords |
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Example Chapter: What happens when a man and his son while leading a beast to the market |
Son lacked perseverance/decision making in his character - changed the way they road the beast 4 times due to others criticism DIDACTIC Purpose- no matter what you do there will always be criticism - its unavoidable; make best decision and dont let other people criticism change your attitude |
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La Celestina |
Author: Ferndando de Rojas written in 1499- in between renesiance and medival - considered a trajic comedy |
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Main Themes of La Celestina |
(7) Love, death, greed, passing of time, magic, fortune, society in crisis Time: undeterminded number of days Space: urban, home, nature COMPOSED ENTIRELY OF DIALOGUE one of the most important pieces of spanish literature Published 1499 (transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance) |
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Medival Elements in La Celestina |
confusion of the natural and supernatural; stamental society; fear of God's power over men- religious concepts |
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Renaissance Elements in La Celestina |
CARPE DIEM Change from Theocentrism to Anthropocentrism In the end-all characters pay for their sins Intention: DIDACTIC - tries to warn young people about the effects of love and the temptations of love. Something that, if not controlled, can lead to desturction and death |
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STYLE: La Celestina |
-Educated: Cultisms, long paragraphs -Popular: short sentences, full of diminutives sayings idioms, colloquial extressions (y'all) and big number of exclamations -Abundance of parallelism and antithesis. use of monolouges |
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Language In La Celestina |
Author uses different language for different level of society Language used by calisto and Melibea when they are together is different than the one they use when they address their servants servants always use vulgar type of language |
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Celestina |
gives it its title colorful and vivid character deep understanding of human nature and how to control people Juan Ruiz's (Archpriest of Hita's) - Trotaconventos- matchmaker in 'book of good love' once a prostitute and now she dedicates her time to arranging discreet meetings between illicit lovers the master puppeteer; the procuress/matchmaker, manipulated both melibea and calisto to her benefit she and others believe she has powers CARPE DIEM CARPE DIEM CARPE DIEM Pays for her evil ways with her life at the end of the 1st act |
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Calisto |
(Frat Guy) A typical young man, immature, cynical, egoistic, and the representation of carnal love idealistic vision of life In the prologue calisto is depicted nobly and with many positive character traits. However, throughout the story he is seen in contrasting light. He is innocent, spoiled and ignorant. He claims to love Melibea but has no regard for her honor. he is more infatuated than in love and hungrily eats up celestinas lies. after much effort he finally convinces melibea to sleep with him. |
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Melibea |
strong-willed girl victim of a strong passion induced by Celestina's spell worries about her honor but not modesty (TEASE) Love is the motivation of her actions innocent, spoiled, ignorant |
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Melibea's three stages in La Celestina |
1. Rejection 2. Mild acceptance 3. Passion |
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Melibea - Cont. |
Heavily influenced by Celestina and although at first she is concerned about preserving her honor, she eventually gives into her passions. Kills herself after confessing to her father about her sexual relations with calisto after calisto falls off the ladder |
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Parmeno |
Servant- corrupted by the other characters |
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Sempronio |
servant- more evil- takes advantage of everybody's greed and egoism Parmeno and Sempronio are Calisto's servants. they do Celestina's dirty work. they are portrayed as conniving, unintelligent, cowardly and crude. They kill Celestina because they don't feel they are getting their fair share of the profits |
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Elicia and Areusa |
Prostitutes who hate men in general they work for Calestina who runs the brothel they are jealous of Melibea they are self-serving and plot revenge against melibea and calisto |
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Alisa and Pleberio |
Melibea's parents not much is known about them very naive they are loving and regret their ignorance at the end when Melibea is dead Pleberio- typical renicance father- focusing on the good |
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Plot summary- La Celestina |
Boy Meets girl Boy falls in love Girl rejects Boy People meddling in their relationship Boy and Girl meet in secret Failure relationship ends in disaster |
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Plot |
Upon meeting melibea, calisto falls madly in love with her. melibea rejects calisto immediately at his open pledge of his love for her, as is custom in the case of courtly love. Calisto becomes depressed and lovesick so sempronio tells calisto about celestina, a procuress who owns a brothel with prostitutes two of them are elicia and areusa. calisto accepts and asks celestina for help, and celestina and sempronio plot to get as much money out of calisto as possibe. however another servant parmeno attempts to warn calisto of celestinas dishonorable reputaion. but calisto rejects him. celestina convinces parameno not to warn him any longer, using areusa and instead join with her and sempronio to take advantage of calisto. celestina meets with melibea and gives her a magic thread while telling her of the suffering of a man she knowsnwhose only sure is the word and girdle of melibea they talk but when celestina names calisto melibea gets angry gets angry and tells celestina to leave. celestina is crafty though and she finally manages to get melibea to give up her girdle for calisto. melibea changes her mind and askes melestina to come back and meet her secrestly. Melibea suddenly finds herself madly in love with Calisto, and begs celestina to arrange a meeting between her and her lover. once this is done, Celestina doesn't say anything to sempronio and parmeno, her partners in crime. when they go to celestinas house and find out that celestina has no intention of sharing her payment, they kill her. afriad of being caught, they jump out the window, but one of the prostitutes sees them killing celestina and they are executed. in the end calisto gets to the gate in melibeas house with his other two servants sosia and tristan. elicia and areusa, who were lovers of sempronio and parmeno send two thugs; while calisto is getting to melibeas balcony with a ladder he hears sosia and tristan shouting. he runs to help them but falls off the ladder and dies. Melibea sees calisto dead, goes to the highest tower of her house and throws herself off after confessing her affair to her father |
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Structure of La Celestina |
Action can be divided into two different parts plus a prologue Prologue- meeting between calisto and melibea first part- celestina and the servants intervention. servants deaths. first love night between calisto and melibea. Second part- Revenge (prostitutes); several meetings between main characters; death of calisto; melibeas suicide and pleberio's monolougue |
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Structure of Character |
Celestina and the servants- pragmatic, realistic, greedy take advantage of weakneses the world of calisto and melibea - idealistic vision of life unaware of problems dedicated to passion- young, ignorant, lovestruck |
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What is the Idea of love in this story? (La Celestina) |
Love can be confused with infatuation |
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5 Contradictions in La Cenestina |
1. Carpe diem vs. eternal perspective - Celestina preaches a carpe diem perspective, using her age as an example for why the young lovers should take advantage of their youth. this is very attractive and convincing arguement. however, both celestina and the lovers are punished for the applicaiton of this idealoogy the character die as punishment for thei sin and lack of eternal perspective 2. Fate vs. Control of your destiny 3. Courtly Love vs. Lust and Infatuation 4. Servants do not truly serve their master 5. Upper Class- ignorant --- lower class- conniving |
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3 tensions of La Celestina |
1. Physical (man and woman) -Melibea and Calisto -Parmeno and Sempronio with Elicia and Areusa -Sexual tensions vs. Expectations of Society 2. Time (Young and old) - Celestina and the young lovers -She tells them to take advantage of their youth 3. Social (servant and master) -the servants failure to truly serve their masters, even if they are technically doing what their masters tell them to, it is for self serving purposes. they are manipulative -the prostitutes are jealous of Melibea |
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Renaissance (16th to 17th Century) |
-Poetry - Theater- Pasos: short plays meant to entertain people; used everyday type of situations and problems; around 20 minutes in length with few characters; played in corrales which were open-air courtyards Famous author of PASOS; Lope de RUEDA (aka father of Spanish theatre) |
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Why was it called the Golden Age |
because money from the transatlantic colonies was pouring in and providing the means for financing the arts |
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what were the time periods of the renaissance? |
16th and 17th centuries |
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what were the renaissance Ideals |
- ideals based on the promie of intellectual, spiritual artistic and physical capacity of humans to solve the problems of society |
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What were the chief literary forms during the renaissance |
-Novels of Chivalry -Romances -Pastoral Poetry -Religious Poetry |
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Describe each of these forms |
Novels of chivarly; chivalric novels celebrated the deeds of knights -erant, knights who searched for adventure in order to deomonstrate chivalry; mixed themes of epic heroism with figures from the reconquest; themes of courtly love drawn from the troubadour poets romances; were ballads that had been cirulating in oral form since the middle ages; during the renaissance they were writen down; Themes; historical or legendary --- el cid Romances fronterizos (ballads of the frontier) focused on wars along the frontiers between the christians and muslim spain and presented both christians and arabs as heroes Pastoral poetry; city dwelling became more popular duringt he renaissance; this poery depicted ladies and gentlemen who retired to the country in search of a simple life, without the complications of newly developming urban existence poets-- Juan Bascan almogaver- garcilaso de la vega Religious Poetry- Gained intensity near the middle of the 16th century, party as a consequence of the counter reformation; writing expressed attituted of spiritual devotion. the state of the soul, the desire to withdraw from the world |
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Sweet dreams of mine and also sweet afliction |
Juan boscan Renaissance |
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