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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ser
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to be (essence, WHAT something is)
soy eres es somos sois son |
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Estar
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to be (condition, HOW something is)
estoy estas esta estamos estais estan |
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Uses of Ser
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-express time
-place of origin -occupation -nationality -religious/political affiliation -what material something is made of -possession -relationship of one to another -impersonal expressions -where is an event -essential qualities |
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Uses of Estar
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-geograpic or physical location
-state of condition -many idiomatic expressions -progressive tenses |
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Ser & Estar
(contrasting uses) |
-when a noun follows a verb >Ser
-when an adjective follows a verb, decide between "essence" and "condition" -to tell where something is from >Ser -to tell where something is located >Estar -to tell where an event is taking place >Ser |
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Algo/Nada
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Something/Nothing
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Alguien/Nadie
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Somebody/Nobody
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Algun(-o,-a,-os,-as)/
Ningun (-o,-a,-os,-as) |
Some, Something/No, None
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Siempre/Nunca/Jamas
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Always/Never/Never, Ever
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Tambien/Tampoco
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Also/Neither, Not Either
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o...o/ni...ni
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either...or/neither...nor
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Negatives
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-used alone, preceding the verb
-used with the word no, following the verb -multiple negatives in one sentence possible -Spanish does not mix positive and negative |
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Donde?
Adonde? De donde? |
Where (location)
To Where (destination) From Where |
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Como?
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How
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Cual?
Cuales? |
What
(common, choices/possibilities) Which |
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Cuando?
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When
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Cuanto(-a)?
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How much
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Cuantos(-as)?
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How many
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Que?
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What
(elicit definition of explanation) |
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De que?
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Of what
About what |
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Quien(-es)?
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Who
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A quien(-es)?
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Whom
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Con quien(-es)?
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With Whom
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De quien(-es)?
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Whose
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Por que?
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Why (for what reason)
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Para que?
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Why (for what purpose)
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Possessive Adjectives
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mi(s) = my
tu(s) = your (familiar) su(s) = his, her, your(formal), their nuestro(-a,-os,-as) = our vuestro(-a,-os,-as) = your (familiar plural) |
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Tener
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to have
tengo tienes tiene tenemos teneis tienen |
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Venir
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to come
vengo vienes viene venimos venis vienen |
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Tener que + infinitive
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Someone has to do something
-conjugate tener according to subject "Tengo que comer las verduras" |
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Hay que + infinitive
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One must do something, it is necessary to do something
-used when there is no subject, general "Hay que estudiar mucho" |
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Tener ____ anos
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to be _____ years old
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Tener frio
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to be cold
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Tener calor
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to be hot
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Tener hambre
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to be hungry
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Tener sed
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to be thirsty
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Tener sueno
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to be sleepy
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Tener dolor de
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to hurt or be sore
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Tener prisa
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to be in a hurry
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Tener miedo a/de + noun
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to be afraid of something
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Tener miedo a/de + infinitive
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to be afraid to do something
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Tener celos
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to be jealous
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Tener confianza
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to be confident
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Tener cuidado
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to be careful
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Tener verguenza
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to be ashamed
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Tener razon
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to be correct
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Tener exito
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to be successful
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Tener la culpa
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to be guilty
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Tener suerte
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to be lucky
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Tener lugar
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to take place
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Tener ganas de
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to feel like
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Tener en cuenta
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to take into account
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Tener idioms/expressions
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Because they use nouns, they are modified with adjectives, not adverbs
"Tengo mucho frio" (not muy frio) |
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Hacer
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to do or to make
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?Que tiempo hace?
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What's the weather like?
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Hace frio
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It's cold
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Hace calor
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It's hot
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Hace viento
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It's windy
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Hace sol
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It's sunny
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Hace buen tiempo
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The weather is good
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Hace mal tiempo
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The weather is bad
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Hace fresco
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It's brisk
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Hacer idioms/expressions
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Because they use nouns, they are modified by adjectives, not adverbs.
"Hace mucho frio" |
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Hay niebla
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It's foggy
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Hay neblina
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It's misty
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Hay sol
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The sun is shining
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Hay luna
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The moon is out
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Hay relampagos
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It's lightning
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Hay humedad
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It's humid
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Hay nubes
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It's cloudy
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Hay lluvias torrenciales
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It's pouring
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Hay un vendaval
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There's a windstorm
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Hay granizo
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It's hailing
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Hay lloviznas
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It's sprinkling
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Esta oscuro
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It's dark
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Esta nublado
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It's cloudy
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Esta lluvioso
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It's raining
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Llueve
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It's raining/It rains
(Llover) |
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Nieva
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It's snowing/It snows
(Nevar) |
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Truena
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It's thundering/It thunders
(Tronar) |
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Llovizna
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It's drizzling/It drizzles
(Lloviznar) |
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The personal "a"
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-Used when the direct object is a person
"Jorge llama a Maria" -Used when the direct object is a domesticated animal, for whom the person has feelings toward "La mujer acaricia a su perro" -Not used when direst object is not one of the above -Not used after verb tener or hay -Not used if direct object is indefinite personal (depersonalized) |
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Contractions
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a + el = al
de + el = del de+la, de+las, de+los, a+la, a+las, a+los - never contracted -el (without accent=the) is contracted -el (with accent=he) is not contracted |
